Increasing the Level of Knowledge about Stunting and the First 1000 Days of Life in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Stunting is a developmental disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. In Jember Regency, the number of stunting cases increased from 2018 to 2019. In addition, restrictions on activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as nutrition services at Integrated Healthcare Center, can hamper access to consumption and nutrition and child health services. Therefore, education about stunting is urgently needed to implement appropriate parenting patterns in the mids of limited activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Jember community service program was carried out online in the form of a webinar activity that was attended by 30 participants. This study is a quantitative analytic research using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data that have been analyzed are presented descriptively. There is a significant effect on the pretest and posttest scores in the webinar. It means an increase in participants' understanding after online education is carried out. It is hoped that the people of Jember Regency can apply knowledge about the importance of the first 1000 days of life to prevent stunting.

Identification of Autism in Children Using Static Facial Features and Deep Neural Networks

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated neurological developmental disorder that manifests itself in a variety of ways. The child diagnosed with ASD and their parents’ daily lives can be dramatically improved with early diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention. The applicability of static features extracted from autistic children’s face photographs as a biomarker to distinguish them from typically developing children is investigated in this study paper. We used five pre-trained CNN models: MobileNet, Xception, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB1, and EfficientNetB2 as feature extractors and a DNN model as a binary classifier to identify autism in children accurately. We used a publicly available dataset to train the suggested models, which consisted of face pictures of children diagnosed with autism and controls classed as autistic and non-autistic. The Xception model outperformed the others, with an AUC of 96.63%, a sensitivity of 88.46%, and an NPV of 88%. EfficientNetB0 produced a consistent prediction score of 59% for autistic and non-autistic groups with a 95% confidence level.

Panoramic Radiograph and CBCT in Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia—A Case Report

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) of the mandible is a rare developmental disorder that results in enlargement of the condyle. It is predominant in females, mostly unilateral and self-limiting. This report presents a case of a 35-year-old female patient with unilateral condylar hyperplasia with an increase in vertical height of mandibular ramus of the affected side. After initial radiographic evaluation, the asymmetry index using a panoramic radiograph was determined and also analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Condylar dimensions in all the planes were measured for both sides using CBCT. This case report emphasizes the importance of CBCT and its role in the diagnosis and assessment of mandibular condylar hyperplasia.

Educational Activity Suggestion System of Children With Pervasive Developmental Disorder for Guiding Education and Training Staff Activities

Individuals with pervasive developmental disorders should be supported with special education programs that are planned according to the type and degree of the disorder, age, characteristics, and needs of the individual. Search over internet resources may provide suitable educational material and methods (and associated activity/game). However, syntactic search in today's static-based internet is insufficient to offer desired relevant results. An intelligent system able to identify the needed educational methods and material with the help of semantic web-based agents will not only contribute to the development of individuals with disorders, and support education specialists in this process, but also be extremely useful for the families of these individuals in assisting and monitoring their child's developmental progress. In this chapter, an agent-based educational activity suggestion system of children with pervasive developmental disorder for guiding education and training staff activities is proposed.

Assistive technology to support people with autism spectrum disorder in their autonomy and safety: A scoping review

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disorder with increasing prevalence rates. People affected by ASD do often need support in various activities of daily living mainly provided by formal or informal caregivers. Assistive technology can help to increase autonomy and safety of people on the autism spectrum and thus decrease the burden of care. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the state of the art of assistive technology (AT) that supports autonomy, self-reliance comfort and wellbeing of people with ASD or aiming to prevent dangerous situations or shutdowns, caused by stressful (environmental) situations. Another aim is to analyze the fields of application and type of the proposed technologies and to explore the evaluations conducted. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out where the databases MEDLINE, IEEE and ACM Digital Library were searched. The identified articles were grouped according to the objective of the technology – the supported area of life that is assisted by the proposed systems. Furthermore, the conducted evaluations of the ATs in the papers were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 40 articles were included in this review with a balanced distribution in the different fields of application (Communication & Social Life; Daily Living Assistants; Safety & Security). Eighteen studies conducted an evaluation of the proposed technology with people with ASD, mainly testing the functionality of the systems. CONCLUSION: The proposed technologies support people in the autism spectrum according to the main outcomes and symptoms of ASD. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness and acceptance of the ATs.

National Profile of Caregivers’ Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Care in Primary Health Care: The Need for Autism Medical Home

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common developmental disorder, primary healthcare providers show a deficit in providing early diagnosis. To understand parents’ experience and perspective in the diagnosis and intervention process of their children, a survey was deployed through social media to parents’ with at least one child diagnosed with ASD. The survey included parents experience, satisfaction and perception in the diagnosis process and services provided for their children, stigma and type of support received. A total of 223 participants were enrolled. Although 62% of ASD patients were diagnosed by three years old, most diagnoses (66%) were non-physician initiated. Additionally, 40.8% of the parents reported that the services required for their child are available in their area of residence, but only 7.9% were satisfied with these services. Parents who received psychological support (9.9%) started early intervention, and their children have a better prognosis (p ≤ 0.005). Stigmatized parents were more likely to delay intervention (p ≤ 0.005). Parents’ perception is to have qualified healthcare and educational professionals experienced in ASD. Our findings suggest that a specialized family-centred medical home for ASD patients would significantly benefit ASD patients, increase parents’ satisfaction, reduce parents’ stress, and ease their children’s transition to adolescents.

Trauma and institutional risk in a secure developmental disorder service: does the SAVRY inflate risk in adolescents exposed to ACEs?

Purpose Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly prevalent in people with developmental disorders who engage in offending behaviour. Many violence-based risk assessment tools include items pertaining to ACEs, and may inflate risk scores in trauma-exposed groups. This paper aims to explore the relationships between ACEs, risk assessment scores, incidents of risk and restrictive practices, in adolescents with developmental disorders in a forensic inpatient setting. Design/methodology/approach Secondary analysis was conducted on clinical data for 34 adolescents detained to a developmental disorder service. Data were extracted for Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) risk scores and risk behaviours and restrictive practices, as measures of observed risk. Findings Participants exposed to more ACEs had higher SAVRY risk scores (p < 0.001, two-tailed), with elevations specifically on the historical subscale (p < 0.001, two-tailed). Neither ACEs nor risk scores were associated with the frequency of risk behaviours. Nevertheless, participants exposed to four or more ACEs were secluded more frequently (p = 0.015, two-tailed), indicating a potential association between trauma and risk severity. Those with more complex developmental disorders experienced fewer ACEs (p = 0.02, two-tailed) and engaged in self-harm behaviours less frequently (p = 0.04, two-tailed). Research limitations/implications The inclusion of ACEs in risk assessment tools may lead to the inadvertent stigmatization of trauma-exposed individuals. Further investigation is necessary to offer clarity on the impact of early adversity on risk assessment accuracy and levels of institutional risk, and the role of developmental disorders in this relationship. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the relative associations between ACEs, risk assessment scores and observed institutional risk and does so in a highly marginalized population.