This work describes the kinetic mechanism of coupled molecular energy transfer and chemical reactions in low-temperature air, H
2
–air and hydrocarbon–air plasmas sustained by nanosecond pulse discharges (single-pulse or repetitive pulse burst). The model incorporates electron impact processes, state-specific N
2
vibrational energy transfer, reactions of excited electronic species of N
2
, O
2
, N and O, and ‘conventional’ chemical reactions (Konnov mechanism). Effects of diffusion and conduction heat transfer, energy coupled to the cathode layer and gasdynamic compression/expansion are incorporated as quasi-zero-dimensional corrections. The model is exercised using a combination of freeware (Bolsig+) and commercial software (ChemKin-Pro). The model predictions are validated using time-resolved measurements of temperature and N
2
vibrational level populations in nanosecond pulse discharges in air in plane-to-plane and sphere-to-sphere geometry; temperature and OH number density after nanosecond pulse burst discharges in lean H
2
–air, CH
4
–air and C
2
H
4
–air mixtures; and temperature after the nanosecond pulse discharge burst during plasma-assisted ignition of lean H
2
-mixtures, showing good agreement with the data. The model predictions for OH number density in lean C
3
H
8
–air mixtures differ from the experimental results, over-predicting its absolute value and failing to predict transient OH rise and decay after the discharge burst. The agreement with the data for C
3
H
8
–air is improved considerably if a different conventional hydrocarbon chemistry reaction set (LLNL methane–
n
-butane flame mechanism) is used. The results of mechanism validation demonstrate its applicability for analysis of plasma chemical oxidation and ignition of low-temperature H
2
–air, CH
4
–air and C
2
H
4
–air mixtures using nanosecond pulse discharges. Kinetic modelling of low-temperature plasma excited propane–air mixtures demonstrates the need for development of a more accurate ‘conventional’ chemistry mechanism.
Kinetic mechanism of molecular energy transfer and chemical reactions in low-temperature air-fuel plasmas
