scholarly journals Social security expenses with patients with back pain by the National Institute of Social Security of Brazil from 2008 to 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e233
Author(s):  
Marcelo José da Silva de Magalhães ◽  
Samara Aparecida Martins Dias Silva ◽  
Fernando Ericson Almeida Vieira ◽  
Samuel Caires Martins de Lima ◽  
Thais Mendes Colares Maurício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
The Social ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Objective: To analyze all social security expenditures paid by Brazilian Institute of Social Security (INSS) of lower back pain, from 2008 to 2014. Methods: Consultation to Social Security database in order to obtain information about the main benefits offered individuals by the INSS, in the period between 2008 and 2014. Based on the Social Security database and the ICDs M51 and M54, the INSS expenditures were assessed for low-income retirement, sickness and to accidental retirement, between men and women from urban and rural areas from 2008 to 2014. Results: In this period, the most prevalent benefit was Disease Aid, with an average annual cost of R$ 88.458.511,10. The total cost of benefit was: Accidental Sickness Insurance-R$ 116.076.692,00;Accidental Retirement-R$ 6.740.052,84; Illness Assistance-R$ 373.547.294,00; Retirement Due to Disability-R$ 75.883.844,00. Among all the above mentioned beneficiaries, there was a predominance of males and individuals living in the urban area. Conclusions: Lower back pain leads to suffering for workers, costs to companies, as well as burdening the public coffers regarding the social security system and health care.

Faecal sludge management in low income areas: a case study of three districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Appiah-Effah ◽  
Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko ◽  
Samuel Fosu Gyasi ◽  
Esi Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Public Toilets ◽  
Faecal Sludge

The challenge of faecal sludge management (FSM) in most developing countries is acute, particularly in low income areas. This study examined the management of faecal sludge (FS) from household latrines and public toilets in three districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana based on household surveys, key informant interviews and field observations. Communities did not have designated locations for the disposal and treatment of FS. For household toilets, about 31 and 42% of peri-urban and rural respondents, respectively, with their toilets full reported that they did not consider manual or mechanical desludging as an immediate remedy, although pits were accessible. Households rather preferred to close and abandon their toilets and use public toilets at a fee or practise open defecation. For the public toilets, desludging was manually carried out at a fee of GHC 800–1,800 and the process usually lasted 8–14 days per toilet facility. The study showed that FSM has not been adequately catered for in both peri-urban and rural areas. However, respondents from the peri-urban areas relatively manage their FS better than their rural counterparts. To address the poor FSM in the study communities, a decentralized FS composting is a potential technology that could be used.

REGULATING THE SOCIAL: SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE STATE IN LATE COLONIAL TANZANIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS ECKERT
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Second World

This essay discusses British discourses and efforts to regulate social policy in both urban and rural areas in late colonial Tanzania. It focuses mainly on questions of social security and especially on the vague concept of social welfare and development, which after the Second World War became a favoured means of expressing a new imperial commitment to colonial people. The British were very reluctant about implementing international standards of social security in Tanganyika, mainly due to the insight that the cost of providing European-scale benefits could not be borne by the colonial regime in such a poor territory. They were far more enthusiastic in pursuing a policy of social development, embodied in social welfare centres and various other schemes. It is argued that in Tanzania, this policy remained focused on peasantization rather than on proletarianization and was characterized by a disconnection between Colonial Office mandarins in London, attempting to create bourgeois, respectable African middle classes, and colonial officials in Tanganyika, seeking to maintain the political legitimacy of the chiefs and headmen. Most Africans ignored rather than challenged many of these state efforts. However, the nationalist party, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) under Julius Nyerere believed in these programmes and continued such dirigiste and poorly financed improvement schemes after independence.

Patients Eased Lower Back Pain By Making Changes to Lifestyle

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
BARBARA J. RUTLEDGE
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back

Panel Approves Duloxetine for Lower Back Pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MECHCATIE
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back

Knowledge of lower back pain by selected demographic variables among clinical students in Abha, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1801-1805
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alburaidi ◽  
Khaled Alravie ◽  
Saleh Qahtani ◽  
Hani Dibssan ◽  
Nawaf Abdulhadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Lower Back
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