scholarly journals Survey of animal by-products in feedingstuffs before the reintroduction of processed animal proteins in aquafeed

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Marie-Caroline Lecrenier ◽  
Aline Marien ◽  
Gilbert Berben ◽  
Olivier Fumière ◽  
Pascal Veys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Partial Relaxation ◽  
By Products ◽  
Feed Samples

Description. Since 2001, the number of bovine spongiform encephalopathy cases has drastically declined. A gradual lifting of the feed ban for aquaculture was possible in 2013 but this partial relaxation makes its control much more complex. Objectives. The objective was to have a practical overview of the current analytical situation and to highlight current and foreseen analytical gaps in the context of a progressive lifting of the ban. Method. Feed samples, collected before the partial lifting as regards aquafeed in 2013, were firstly analyzed by light microscopy. All samples were additionally analyzed by PCR in order to study the difficulties which would be faced with feeds produced after the relaxation. ELISA for the detection of milk proteins was also performed on samples in which ruminant DNA was detected. Results. When keeping the interpretation to the sole light microscopy results, all samples were in accordance to the legal requirements. Adding the PCR results made the interpretation more difficult. DNA of terrestrial animals was detected in nearly 65% of the samples. Apart from aquafeeds, the presence of ruminant DNA could be explained by the use of dairy products confirmed in most cases by ELISA. In aquafeeds, 23% (13/57) of the samples tested positive for ruminant DNA but only three of them also tested positive for milk proteins. Conclusions. The study underlined the crucial need for complementary analytical solutions in order to identify the source of the detected DNA.

Detection of Bovine Central Nervous System Tissues in Rendered Animal By-Products by One-Step Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Assay

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2088-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLGA ANDRIEVSKAIA ◽  
ERIN TANGORRA
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
By Products

Contamination of rendered animal byproducts with central nervous system tissues (CNST) from animals with bovine spongiform encephalopathy is considered one of the vehicles of disease transmission. Removal from the animal feed chain of CNST originated from cattle of a specified age category, species-labeling of rendered meat products, and testing of rendered products for bovine CNST are tasks associated with the epidemiological control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. A single-step TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase (RRT) PCR assay was developed and evaluated for specific detection of bovine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA, a biomarker of bovine CNST, in rendered animal by-products. An internal amplification control, mammalian β-actin mRNA, was coamplified in the duplex RRT-PCR assay to monitor amplification efficiency, normalize amplification signals, and avoid false-negative results. The functionality of the GFAP mRNA RRT-PCR was assessed through analysis of laboratory-generated binary mixtures of bovine central nervous system (CNS) and muscle tissues treated under various thermal settings imitating industrial conditions. The assay was able to detect as low as 0.05% (wt/wt) bovine brain tissue in binary mixtures heat treated at 110 to 130°C for 20 to 60 min. Further evaluation of the GFAP mRNA RRT-PCR assay involved samples of industrial rendered products of various species origin and composition obtained from commercial sources and rendering plants. Low amounts of bovine GFAP mRNA were detected in several bovine-rendered products, which was in agreement with declared species composition. An accurate estimation of CNS tissue content in industrial-rendered products was complicated due to a wide range of temperature and time settings in rendering protocols. Nevertheless, the GFAP mRNA RRT-PCR assay may be considered for bovine CNS tissue detection in rendered products in combination with other available tools (for example, animal age verification) in inspection programs.

Optimising Milk Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 107-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Lock ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
The Uk

During recent decades, the UK dairy industry has had to adjust to the introduction of milk quotas in 1984, the deregulation of milk markets in 1994, and accommodate changes in the demand for dairy products. The combination of these factors, in addition to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Foot and Mouth disease, and a fall in milk price has inevitably resulted in a restructuring of the industry, but also reinforced the need for all sectors of the industry to respond to the prevailing economic climate and changes in consumer preferences.

Production of prion gene knockout cow to prevent spontaneous bovine spongiform encephalopathy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Manabe ◽  
Ichiro Onoyama ◽  
Junyou Li ◽  
Yutaka Sendai ◽  
Yoshito Aoyagi
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Gene

Abnormalities of heart rate and rhythm in bovine spongiform encephalopathy

1997 ◽  
Vol 141 (14) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Austin ◽  
L. Pawson ◽  
S. Meek ◽  
S. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy

scholarly journals Exploration of genetic factors resulting in abnormal disease in cattle experimentally challenged with bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Prion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sandor Dudas ◽  
Renee Anderson ◽  
Antanas Staskevicus ◽  
Gordon Mitchell ◽  
James C. Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy

scholarly journals A Case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Denmark

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
J. S. Agerholm ◽  
H. V. Krogh ◽  
T. K. Nielsen ◽  
S. Ammendrup ◽  
H. Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy

scholarly journals Presence of subclinical infection in gene-targeted human prion protein transgenic mice exposed to atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 2819-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Wilson ◽  
Karen Dobie ◽  
Nora Hunter ◽  
Cristina Casalone ◽  
Thierry Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Human Prion Protein

The transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans, leading to variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has demonstrated that cattle transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can pose a risk to human health. Until recently, TSE disease in cattle was thought to be caused by a single agent strain, BSE, also known as classical BSE, or BSE-C. However, due to the initiation of a large-scale surveillance programme throughout Europe, two atypical BSE strains, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE, also named BSE-L) and BSE-H have since been discovered. To model the risk to human health, we previously inoculated these two forms of atypical BSE (BASE and BSE-H) into gene-targeted transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein (PrP) (HuTg) but were unable to detect any signs of TSE pathology in these mice. However, despite the absence of TSE pathology, upon subpassage of some BASE-challenged HuTg mice, a TSE was observed in recipient gene-targeted bovine PrP Tg (Bov6) mice but not in HuTg mice. Disease transmission from apparently healthy individuals indicates the presence of subclinical BASE infection in mice expressing human PrP that cannot be identified by current diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of transmission to HuTg mice on subpassage, the efficiency of mouse-to-mouse transmission of BASE appears to be low when mice express human rather than bovine PrP.

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