Intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward learning and daily-life reward-oriented behaviour in relatives of individuals with psychotic disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kasanova
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation

Intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward learning and daily-life reward-oriented behavior in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychotic disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kasanova ◽  
Jenny Ceccarini ◽  
Michael J. Frank ◽  
Thérèse van Amelsvoort ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation ◽  
Da Release

BackgroundAbnormalities in reward learning in psychotic disorders have been proposed to be linked to dysregulated subcortical dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission, which in turn is a suspected mechanism for predisposition to psychosis. We therefore explored the striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward processing and its behavioral correlates in individuals at familial risk for psychosis.MethodsWe performed a DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography scan during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task in 16 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with psychosis and 16 healthy volunteers, followed by a 6-day ecological momentary assessment study capturing reward-oriented behavior in the everyday life.ResultsWe detected significant reward-induced DA release in bilateral caudate, putamen and ventral striatum of both groups, with no group differences in its magnitude nor spatial extent. In both groups alike, greater extent of reward-induced DA release in all regions of interest was associated with better performance in the task, as well as in greater tendency to be engaged in reward-oriented behavior in the daily life.ConclusionsThese findings suggest intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reinforcement learning and reward-oriented behavior in individuals with familial predisposition to psychosis. Furthermore, this study points towards a key link between striatal reward-related DA release and pursuit of ecologically relevant rewards.

scholarly journals Daily cortisol, stress reactivity and psychotic experiences in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Collip ◽  
N. A. Nicolson ◽  
M. Lardinois ◽  
T. Lataster ◽  
J. van Os ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis abnormalities have been found in patients with a psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives of patients with a psychotic disorder react with subtle increases in non-clinical psychotic experiences and negative emotions in the face of everyday stress. The current study investigated whether HPA axis functioning is altered in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, examining diurnal cortisol profiles, cortisol reactivity to daily stressors and the association between HPA axis activity and subclinical psychotic experiences.MethodParticipants included siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder (n=60) and a healthy comparison group (n=63). The Experience Sampling Method (a structured diary technique) was employed to assess stress, psychotic experiences, negative affect and salivary cortisol repeatedly in the flow of daily life.ResultsMulti-level analyses revealed higher diurnal cortisol levels and heightened cortisol reactivity to negative daily events in siblings compared with controls. Diurnal cortisol slope did not differ between the two groups, but momentary increases in psychotic experiences and negative affect were associated with increased cortisol in the sibling group.ConclusionsFindings support altered HPA axis activity in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, as evidenced by higher diurnal cortisol levels and increased cortisol reactivity to daily stress. Results also suggest a dynamic association between cortisol secretion and the intensity of psychotic-like experiences and negative emotions in daily life, although the direction of this association remains to be elucidated.

Daily-life stress differentially impacts ventral striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward processing in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kasanova ◽  
Jenny Ceccarini ◽  
Michael J Frank ◽  
Thérèse van Amelsvoort ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Dopaminergic Modulation

scholarly journals Virtual reality cognitive-behavioural therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for paranoid delusions: a study protocol for a single-blind multi-Centre randomised controlled superiority trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berkhof ◽  
E. C. D. van der Stouwe ◽  
B. Lestestuiver ◽  
E. van’t Hag ◽  
R. van Grunsven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Abstract Background Seventy per cent of patients with psychotic disorders has paranoid delusions. Paranoid delusions are associated with significant distress, hospital admission and social isolation. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is the primary psychological treatment, but the median effect size is only small to medium. Virtual reality (VR) has a great potential to improve the effectiveness of CBTp. In a previous study, we found that VR based CBT (VRcbt) for paranoid delusions is superior to waiting list. As a next step, a direct comparison with CBTp is needed. The present study aims to investigate whether VRcbt is more effective and cost-effective than regular CBTp in treating paranoid delusions and improving daily life social functioning of patients with psychotic disorders. Methods A total of 106 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and at least moderate level of paranoid ideations will be recruited for this multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients will be randomized to either VRcbt or standard CBTp for paranoid delusions. VRcbt consists of maximum 16 sessions in virtual social situations that trigger paranoid ideations and distress, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. Standard CBTp also consists of maximum 16 sessions including exposure and behavioural experiments, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. The two groups will be compared at baseline, post-treatment and six months follow-up. Primary outcome is the level of paranoid ideations in daily life social situations, measured with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at semi-random moments ten times a day during seven days, before and after treatment. Every session, participants and therapists will rate the level of paranoid ideation and global clinical impression. Discussion Comparison of VRcbt and CBTp will provide information about the relative (cost-) effectiveness of VRcbt for this population. VRcbt may become a preferred psychological treatment for paranoid delusions and social anxiety in patients with psychotic disorder. Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register, NL7758. Registered on 23 May 2019.

scholarly journals Is theory of mind a prerequisite for social interactions? A study in psychotic disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Schneider ◽  
Erik Myin ◽  
Inez Myin-Germeys
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Is Theory

AbstractBackgroundA dominant idea is that impaired capacities for theory of mind (ToM) are the reasons for impairments in social functioning in several conditions, including autism and schizophrenia. In this paper, we present empirical evidence that challenges this influential assumption.MethodsWe conducted three studies examining the association between ToM and social functioning in participants diagnosed with a non-affective psychotic disorder and healthy individuals. We used both the experience sampling method, a structured diary technique collecting information in daily-life, and a standardised questionnaire to assess social functioning. Analysed data are part of Wave 1 and Wave 3 of the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study.ResultsResults were highly consistent across studies and showed no significant association between the two constructs.ConclusionsThese findings question the leading assumption that social cognition is a prerequisite for social functioning, but rather suggest that social cognition is possibly a result of basic social interactive capacities.

Does the Social Functioning Scale reflect real-life social functioning? An experience sampling study in patients with a non-affective psychotic disorder and healthy control individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 2777-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schneider ◽  
U. Reininghaus ◽  
M. van Nierop ◽  
M. Janssens ◽  
I. Myin-Germeys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Functioning Scale ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Activity Domain

BackgroundThe ecological validity of retrospective measures of social functioning is currently unknown in patients with schizophrenia. In the present study, patients with a diagnosis of non-affective psychosis were compared with controls on two measures of social functioning: the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and daily-life measures collected with the Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM). The associations between both measures were examined in each group of participants to test for the ecological validity of the SFS.MethodsA total of 126 participants with a non-affective psychotic disorder and 109 controls completed the SFS and a 6-day momentary ESM protocol assessing various aspects of social functioning. Multiple linear and multilevel regression analyses were performed to test for group differences in social functioning level and examine associations between the two assessment techniques.ResultsLower social functioning was observed in patients compared with controls on retrospective and momentary measures. The SFS interpersonal domain (social engagement/withdrawal and interpersonal behaviour dimensions) was associated with the percentage of time spent alone and negative appraisal of social interactions. The SFS activity domain (pro-social and recreational activities dimensions) was negatively associated with time spent in leisure activities.ConclusionsThe SFS showed some degree of ecological validity at assessing broad aspects of social functioning. Low scores on the SFS social engagement/withdrawal and interpersonal behaviour dimensions captured social isolation and social avoidance in daily life, but not lack of interest in socializing. Ecological validity of the SFS activity domain was low. ESM offers a rich alternative to classical assessment techniques of social functioning.

scholarly journals M36. VIRTUAL REALITY COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR PARANOID DELUSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S148-S148
Author(s):  
Maureen Berkhof ◽  
Elisabeth van der Stouwe ◽  
Bart Lestestuiver ◽  
Erna van ‘t Hag ◽  
de Vos Maarten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Social Situations

Abstract Background Seventy percent of patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders has paranoid delusions. Paranoid delusions are associated with great distress, hospital admission and social isolation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the main psychological treatment, but the median effect size is only small to medium. Virtual reality (VR) has a great potential to improve psychological treatment of paranoid delusions. In a previous study, we found that VR based CBT (VRcbt) for paranoid delusions is effective compared to waiting list. As a next step, a direct comparison with standard CBT is needed. The aim of this project is to investigate if VRcbt is more (cost-)effective than standard CBT for treatment of paranoid delusions and improving daily life social functioning of patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Three research questions will be addressed: 1. Does VRcbt lead to better clinical and social outcomes? 2. Are fewer treatment sessions needed to achieve meaningful clinical change? 3. Is VRcbt more cost-effective at 6 months follow-up? Methods A total of 106 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and at least moderate level of paranoid ideations will be randomized to either VRcbt or standard CBT treatment for paranoid delusions. VRcbt consists of maximum 16 sessions in virtual social situations that trigger paranoid ideations and distress, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. Standard CBT also consists of maximum 16 sessions, aiming at reappraisal of the meaning of paranoid beliefs to reduce distress and improve coping in daily life, including the use of exposure and behavioral experiments. Participants will be interviewed and tested at baseline, post-treatment and at six months follow-up. Primary outcome is level of paranoid ideations in daily life social situations, measured with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at semi-random moments ten times a day during seven days, before and after treatment. Every session, participants and therapists will rate level of paranoid ideation and global clinical impression. Results Seven mental health services throughout the Netherlands participate in this RCT. Up until now, fourteen psychologists have been trained in VRcbt and the first patients have been included in the trial. Discussion Comparison of VRcbt and cbt will provide information about the relative (cost-)effectiveness of VRcbt for this population. VRcbt may become the preferred psychological treatment for paranoid delusions and social anxiety in patients with psychotic disorder.

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