Back to Basic, Optical Evaluation of Motion in Electric Fields for Specific Surface Charge Determinations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Bastos Arrieta ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Aidee Garcia-Zintzun ◽  
Juliane Simmchen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Hard Sphere Model ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Commercial Device

<p>Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a widely used tool for the measurement of Zeta Potential, taking benefit of automated detection to achieve fast measurements. However, the mathematical criteria on which the calculations in DLS devices are based, assume a very narrow set of conditions. One of them is a perfect spherical shape, since a hard sphere model is assumed for calculating scattering patterns and therefore the analysis of different shapes could result in significant deviations. One frequent example where the determination of the surface charge in rod shaped colloids is required is the characterization of bacterial surface charges, which is complicated by complex surface properties. To test whether the commercial device gives a reasonable approximation, we constructed a homemade optical device and tested inorganic spherical and rod-shape SiO<sub>2</sub> particles and compared them to a model bacterium. A different case is the determination of surface potentials of light sensitive materials under illumination. Commercial devices often do not allow the additional implementation of light sources other than the laser, but our setup flexibly enables us to plug in different illuminations.</p>

Back to Basic, Optical Evaluation of Motion in Electric Fields for Specific Surface Charge Determinations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Bastos Arrieta ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Aidee Garcia-Zintzun ◽  
Juliane Simmchen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Hard Sphere Model ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Commercial Device

<p>Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a widely used tool for the measurement of Zeta Potential, taking benefit of automated detection to achieve fast measurements. However, the mathematical criteria on which the calculations in DLS devices are based, assume a very narrow set of conditions. One of them is a perfect spherical shape, since a hard sphere model is assumed for calculating scattering patterns and therefore the analysis of different shapes could result in significant deviations. One frequent example where the determination of the surface charge in rod shaped colloids is required is the characterization of bacterial surface charges, which is complicated by complex surface properties. To test whether the commercial device gives a reasonable approximation, we constructed a homemade optical device and tested inorganic spherical and rod-shape SiO<sub>2</sub> particles and compared them to a model bacterium. A different case is the determination of surface potentials of light sensitive materials under illumination. Commercial devices often do not allow the additional implementation of light sources other than the laser, but our setup flexibly enables us to plug in different illuminations.</p>

Back to Basic, Optical Evaluation of Motion in Electric Fields for Specific Surface Charge Determinations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Bastos Arrieta ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Aidee Garcia-Zintzun ◽  
Juliane Simmchen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Hard Sphere Model ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Commercial Device

<p>Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a widely used tool for the measurement of Zeta Potential, taking benefit of automated detection to achieve fast measurements. However, the mathematical criteria on which the calculations in DLS devices are based, assume a very narrow set of conditions. One of them is a perfect spherical shape, since a hard sphere model is assumed for calculating scattering patterns and therefore the analysis of different shapes could result in significant deviations. One frequent example where the determination of the surface charge in rod shaped colloids is required is the characterization of bacterial surface charges, which is complicated by complex surface properties. To test whether the commercial device gives a reasonable approximation, we constructed a homemade optical device and tested inorganic spherical and rod-shape SiO<sub>2</sub> particles and compared them to a model bacterium. A different case is the determination of surface potentials of light sensitive materials under illumination. Commercial devices often do not allow the additional implementation of light sources other than the laser, but our setup flexibly enables us to plug in different illuminations.</p>

Activation of CO2 on Copper Surfaces: The Synergy Between Electric Field, Surface Morphology and Excess Electrons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Jafarzadeh ◽  
Kristof M. Bal ◽  
Annemie Bogaerts ◽  
Erik C. Neyts
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Copper Surfaces

<p>In this work we use DFT calculations to study the combined effect of external electric fields, surface morphology and surface charge on CO<sub>2</sub> activation over Cu (111), Cu (211), Cu (110) and Cu (001) surfaces. We observe that the binding energy of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule on Cu surfaces rises significantly upon increasing the applied electric field strength. In addition, rougher surfaces respond more effectively to the presence of the external electric field towards facilitating the formation of a carbonate-like CO<sub>2</sub> structure and the transformation of the most stable adsorption mode from physisorption to chemisorption. The presence of surface charges further strengthens the electric field effect and consequently gives rise to an improved bending of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule and C-O bond length elongation. On the other hand, a net charge in the absence of externally applied electric field shows only a marginal effect on CO<sub>2</sub> binding. The chemisorbed CO<sub>2</sub> is more stable and further activated when the effects of an external electric field, rough surface and surface charge are combined. These results can help to elucidate the underlying factors that control CO<sub>2</sub> activation in heterogeneous and plasma catalysis, as well as in electrochemical processes.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of Bacterial Surface Charge Density Via Saturation of Adsorbed Ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wilhelm ◽  
Mohammad Sharifian Gh ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Yujie Li ◽  
Chia-Mei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Surface Charge Density ◽  
Bacterial Surface

Activation of CO2 on Copper Surfaces: The Synergy Between Electric Field, Surface Morphology and Excess Electrons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Jafarzadeh ◽  
Kristof M. Bal ◽  
Annemie Bogaerts ◽  
Erik C. Neyts
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Copper Surfaces

<p>In this work we use DFT calculations to study the combined effect of external electric fields, surface morphology and surface charge on CO<sub>2</sub> activation over Cu (111), Cu (211), Cu (110) and Cu (001) surfaces. We observe that the binding energy of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule on Cu surfaces rises significantly upon increasing the applied electric field strength. In addition, rougher surfaces respond more effectively to the presence of the external electric field towards facilitating the formation of a carbonate-like CO<sub>2</sub> structure and the transformation of the most stable adsorption mode from physisorption to chemisorption. The presence of surface charges further strengthens the electric field effect and consequently gives rise to an improved bending of the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule and C-O bond length elongation. On the other hand, a net charge in the absence of externally applied electric field shows only a marginal effect on CO<sub>2</sub> binding. The chemisorbed CO<sub>2</sub> is more stable and further activated when the effects of an external electric field, rough surface and surface charge are combined. These results can help to elucidate the underlying factors that control CO<sub>2</sub> activation in heterogeneous and plasma catalysis, as well as in electrochemical processes.</p>

scholarly journals One-Step Synthesis of PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles with Tunable Surface Charge

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rares Stiufiuc ◽  
Cristian Iacovita ◽  
Raul Nicoara ◽  
Gabriela Stiufiuc ◽  
Adrian Florea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Molecular Chain ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
One Step

The present work reports a rapid, simple and efficient one-step synthesis and detailed characterisation of stable aqueous colloids of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with unmodified poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) molecules of different molecular weights and surface charges. By mixing and heating aqueous solutions of PEG with variable molecular chain and gold(III) chloride hydrate (HAuCl4) in the presence of NaOH, we have successfully produced uniform colloidal 5 nm PEG coated AuNPs of spherical shape with tunable surface charge and an average diameter of 30 nm within a few minutes. It has been found out that PEGylated AuNPs provide optical enhancement of the characteristic vibrational bands of PEG molecules attached to the gold surface when they are excited with both visible (532 nm) and NIR (785 nm) laser lines. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal does not depend on the length of the PEG molecular chain enveloping the AuNPs, and the stability of the colloid is not affected by the addition of concentrated salt solution (0.1 M NaCl), thus suggesting their potential use forin vitroandin vivoapplications. Moreover, by gradually changing the chain length of the biopolymer, we were able to control nanoparticles’ surface charge from −28 to −2 mV, without any modification of the Raman enhancement properties and of the colloidal stability.

On the theory of electrohydrodynamically driven capillary jets

1997 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFONSO M. GAÑÁN-CALVO
Keyword(s):  
Surface Charge ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Steady Regime ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Relaxation Effects ◽  
Capillary Jets

Electrohydrodynamically (EHD) driven capillary jets are analysed in this work in the parametrical limit of negligible charge relaxation effects, i.e. when the electric relaxation time of the liquid is small compared to the hydrodynamic times. This regime can be found in the electrospraying of liquids when Taylor's charged capillary jets are formed in a steady regime. A quasi-one-dimensional EHD model comprising temporal balance equations of mass, momentum, charge, the capillary balance across the surface, and the inner and outer electric fields equations is presented. The steady forms of the temporal equations take into account surface charge convection as well as Ohmic bulk conduction, inner and outer electric field equations, momentum and pressure balances. Other existing models are also compared. The propagation speed of surface disturbances is obtained using classical techniques. It is shown here that, in contrast with previous models, surface charge convection provokes a difference between the upstream and the downstream wave speed values, the upstream wave speed, to some extent, being delayed. Subcritical, supercritical and convectively unstable regions are then identified. The supercritical nature of the microjets emitted from Taylor's cones is highlighted, and the point where the jet switches from a stable to a convectively unstable regime (i.e. where the propagation speed of perturbations become zero) is identified. The electric current carried by those jets is an eigenvalue of the problem, almost independent of the boundary conditions downstream, in an analogous way to the gas flow in convergent–divergent nozzles exiting into very low pressure. The EHD model is applied to an experiment and the relevant physical quantities of the phenomenon are obtained. The EHD hypotheses of the model are then checked and confirmed within the limits of the one-dimensional assumptions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document