scholarly journals The Universal Basic Income

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Benefit System

A universal basic income (UBI) would provide all citizens with a guaranteed income, irrespective of their earnings, age or household status. It would be financed from a flat-rate personal income tax. It would replace the existing work-based social security system with its plethora of benefit types, abatement rates and eligibility rules. However, when the trade-offs between the competing objectives of a tax/benefit scheme are considered, and the variety of individual and family circumstances that need to be addressed, the apparent simplicity of a UBI quickly disappears. The article shows that while the current tax/benefit system represents a ‘welfare mess’, and needs substantial restructuring, a UBI does not necessarily provide an adequate income for poverty relief, nor ensure labour force incentives, at an acceptable fiscal cost.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Welfare Costs of Social Security

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Burkhauser ◽  
John A. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Present Value Model ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Earnings Test ◽  
Social Security Earnings Test ◽  
Value Model

One-period models predict that a substantial welfare gain would result from removing the social security earnings test. In this article, we show that such models overestimate the size of potential gains. If one uses instead a two-period model, which captures intertemporal effects, the net result of removing the earnings test is ambiguous. In the presence of a personal income tax, workers who reduce their labor supply in the first period create a welfare loss which must also be considered. We use a present value model to estimate the change in lifetime welfare. We find that the net potential gain from removing the earnings test is probably small, especially when compared to the alternative of an increased personal income tax.

scholarly journals Personal Income Tax and Social Security Coordination in Cross-Border Employment – a Case Study of the Czech Republic and Denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Tepperová
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Social Security Contributions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Neither personal income tax nor social security is harmonised within the EU. Social security systems are coordinated at EU level whereas personal income tax in cross-border situations is governed by respective double tax treaties. In most EU countries, personal income tax and social security contributions are relatively distinct payments. This article examines problems surrounding the interaction between personal income tax and social security contributions on a national and international level based on a case study of cross-border employment between the Czech Republic and Denmark. As the Czech and the Danish systems are designed very differently, the case study allows for clear illustration of the issue at-hand. The aim is to identify the elements influencing the impact of different coordination rules in personal income tax and social security contributions, illustrate and discuss the potential problems of such mismatches between the two payments. The impact on final payments differs, not only due to the different levels of coordination of the payments, but also due to the different designs of the two national systems. Thus, it would be very difficult to address all the scenarios with a one size fits all measure for all the EU Member States that would overcome the differences in this coordination.

Qualitative employment relationships for Ph.D. students in the EU?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Petra Foubert ◽  
Alexander Maes ◽  
Michelle Wilms
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Social Security Benefits

This contribution intends to shed light on the working conditions of Belgian and Italian Ph.D. students, from the angle of EU law. In Belgium these (mostly young) researchers can be recruited either as ‘Ph.D. fellows’ or ‘teaching assistants’. Ph.D. fellows have a student-like status: they touch a fellowship exempt from personal income tax. However, social contributions are being withheld, for them to enjoy social security benefits and build up pension rights. Teaching assistants have an employee-like position: they receive a salary which is subject to personal income tax as well as to social security contributions. In Italy, Ph.D. students have a standard student-like status, comparable to Belgian Ph.D. fellows. The working hypothesis is that the pressure that (Belgian) universities experience to speed up research efforts (and outcomes) does not necessarily lead to qualitative (employment) relationships but may, instead, create some sort of precarious work. In light of the recent work-life balance Directive, this contribution will illustrate the differences in status with regard to paternity and parental leave.

Feasibility of Financing a Basic Income

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Arcarons ◽  
Daniel Raventos Pañella ◽  
Lluís Torrens Mèlich
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax System

AbstractThis article describes the main results obtained from a microsimulation model designed by the authors in order to analyze the possibilities of financing a Basic Income (BI) in the territory of Catalonia on the basis of information provided by the IRPF (personal income tax) system. The BI proposal guarantees the material existence of the population and is not only desirable but also feasible.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Taxes on the Economic Growth in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branimir Kalaš ◽  
Vera Mirović ◽  
Jelena Andrašić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Social Security Contributions

AbstractIn a research paper, the authors provide an empirical approach to taxes and economic growth in the United States in the period 1996-2016. The basic goal is to explore how taxes affect economic growth. The subject of the research is measuring the effects of tax revenue growth and tax form as a personal income tax, corporate income tax and social security contributions on gross domestic product as a proxy for economic growth. Methodology framework includes several tests to clear the potential problem of heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity and specification of the model. Based on diagnostic tests, a regression model is adequately created where fundamental econometric procedures are applied. Correlation matrix reflects a strong and positive relationship between tax revenue growth and corporate income tax on the one side and gross domestic product growth, on the another side. Also, personal income tax and social security contributions are weakly related to gross domestic product growth. The model shows a significant effect of tax revenue growth and social security contributions, while personal income tax and corporate income tax do not have a significant impact on gross domestic product growth. Interestingly, personal income tax as the main tax form in the tax structure of the United States has no significant impact on economic growth compared to social security contributions which percentage share is lesser.

scholarly journals A II. Orbán-kormány gazdaságpolitikájának néhány jellemzője 2010 nyara és 2012 tavasza között

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
János Gősi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Large Loss ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
The Eu

The economic policy of the II. Orbán-governmcnt in the net of politics. Taxes crisis: banking, commerce, etc. The flat-rate personal income tax Compulsory membership of private pension funds nationalization of assets The fixed rate of repayment of foreign currency loans recorded a large loss for the banks. The aim of Fidesz-KDNP: economic policy without restriction for the 2014 election to win. Independence against the requirements of the EU and the IMF. II. Orbán government's economic policy for international confidence decreased.

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