scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effects of Ethnic Identity on Well-Being of Monoethnic and Multiethnic Children and Adolescents in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruth Mei Yin Lum
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Multiethnic Children

<p>Adolescence is the transition period from childhood into adulthood. During this period, self identity and ethnic identity become more salient. In recent years, intermarriage between different ethnicities has increased and is becoming increasingly common in Malaysia. This current study aims to investigate the relationships of ethnic identity to well-being of children and adolescents in Malaysia who are from monoethnic and multiethnic backgrounds. This study will also look at the implications ethnic identity and ethnic status (monoethnic or multiethnic) have on self-esteem, perceived discrimination, life satisfaction, bullying and antisocial behaviour. There were 261 participants from Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; 106 males, 152 females and 4 did not state their gender. Age ranged from 10 to 16 years old. 178 participants were monoethnic and 83 participants were multiethnic. Children and adolescents showed no differences on ethnic identity when compared by ethnic group and by ethnic state. This study also found positive correlations between ethnic identity and self esteem, self esteem and life satisfaction and perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour. There were significant negative correlations between perceived discrimination and self esteem, antisocial behaviour and self esteem, and antisocial behaviour and life satisfaction. Those who were bullies were also more likely to engage in antisocial behaviour as compared to nonbullies/nonvictims and victims. The findings gave insight to the ethnic identity of Malaysian children and adolescents who are monoethnic and multiethnic. This research also lends support to past research regarding relationships between self esteem, life satisfaction, bullying, perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour. All factors that were found to be good correlates of psychological well being were discussed.</p>

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Effects of Ethnic Identity on Well-Being of Monoethnic and Multiethnic Children and Adolescents in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruth Mei Yin Lum
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Multiethnic Children

<p>Adolescence is the transition period from childhood into adulthood. During this period, self identity and ethnic identity become more salient. In recent years, intermarriage between different ethnicities has increased and is becoming increasingly common in Malaysia. This current study aims to investigate the relationships of ethnic identity to well-being of children and adolescents in Malaysia who are from monoethnic and multiethnic backgrounds. This study will also look at the implications ethnic identity and ethnic status (monoethnic or multiethnic) have on self-esteem, perceived discrimination, life satisfaction, bullying and antisocial behaviour. There were 261 participants from Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; 106 males, 152 females and 4 did not state their gender. Age ranged from 10 to 16 years old. 178 participants were monoethnic and 83 participants were multiethnic. Children and adolescents showed no differences on ethnic identity when compared by ethnic group and by ethnic state. This study also found positive correlations between ethnic identity and self esteem, self esteem and life satisfaction and perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour. There were significant negative correlations between perceived discrimination and self esteem, antisocial behaviour and self esteem, and antisocial behaviour and life satisfaction. Those who were bullies were also more likely to engage in antisocial behaviour as compared to nonbullies/nonvictims and victims. The findings gave insight to the ethnic identity of Malaysian children and adolescents who are monoethnic and multiethnic. This research also lends support to past research regarding relationships between self esteem, life satisfaction, bullying, perceived discrimination and antisocial behaviour. All factors that were found to be good correlates of psychological well being were discussed.</p>

Perceived Discrimination, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being Among Arab Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Atari ◽  
Suejung Han
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Identity Resolution ◽  
Negative Effect

In this study, we examined associations among perceived discrimination, ethnic identity dimensions (exploration, resolution, affirmation), and psychological well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, flourishing) among 156 Arab Americans. Multiple moderated regression analyses revealed that perceived discrimination was negatively associated, and ethnic identity resolution and affirmation were positively associated, with psychological well-being. Ethnic identity affirmation moderated the association between perceived discrimination and flourishing by buffering the negative effect of perceived discrimination. Ethnic identity resolution and exploration did not moderate the associations between perceived discrimination and psychological well-being. Affirmation both promoted and protected well-being, resolution promoted well-being, and exploration was not associated with promoting or protecting well-being. We discuss implications to help Arab American clients develop and capitalize on their ethnic identity, promote their well-being, and buffer against perceived discrimination.

scholarly journals An Integrative Framework on the Nature, Antecedents and Outcomes of Perceived Discrimination in the Workplace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ma. Socorro G Diego-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Research Context

<p>This thesis aimed to advance the knowledge on perceived discrimination (PD) from targets' perspectives and address gaps in research. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis examining correlates of PD across 63 studies involving 37,790 participants. Findings showed that greater PD was associated with increased race/ethnic identification, negative well-being, and attitudes favouring affirmative action (AA). Greater PD was also related to low job satisfaction, low self-esteem and low socio-economic status (SES). The strongest relationship was found between PD and job satisfaction, followed by negative well-being, race/ethnic identity, self-esteem, AA attitudes and SES. The negative correlation between PD and ethnic identity was moderated by type of measurement, research context and type of sample. Similarly, the link between SES and PD was moderated by research context and type of sample. The meta-analysis also identified major research gaps that served as the jump off point for the next studies. Consequently, a three-component research framework for the study of PD was proposed and tested in three studies. The components were: 1) nature of PD, 2) antecedents of PD, and 3) outcomes of PD. Study 2 explored the first component through separate focus groups discussions participated by immigrants from China (5), India (5), Philippines (5), Germany (4) and Zimbabwe (4). Through thematic analysis, a 4-quadrant model emerged from the themes. In Study 3-A, three PD scales that fit the focus groups' model were constructed and collectively named as Immigrants' Perceptions of Discrimination in the Workplace Scales (IPDWS). The scales' psychometric properties were tested using 155 employed immigrants. Ten factors emerged and converged into two higher order factors - Job-Entry and On-the-Job. Study 3B examined job and psychological well-being outcomes using the same immigrant sample. Findings showed that high PD (in career advancement, compensation and equal treatment in policies factors) predicted low job satisfaction, high PD (in career advancement and derogation) predicted low affective commitment, high PD (exclusion factor) predicted high turnover intentions, and high PD (derogation factor) predicted less life satisfaction and greater psychological distress. Finally, Study 4 examined proximal (age, gender, ethnicity and birthplace) and distal (organizational demographics, perceptions of justice and practices) antecedents of PD through 540 employees using Employee Perceptions of Discrimination in the Workplace Scales (a modified version of IPDWS). Findings showed that increasing age and lower income predicted lower PD (nonrecognition of education and experience). Conversely, increasing age predicted higher PD in career advancement. Moreover, greater PD (in career advancement) occurred in large organizations and the public sector (work dynamics). For organizational justice, higher procedural justice predicted lower PD (career advancement factor), interpersonal justice predicted lower PD (work dynamics and derogation factors), and informational justices predicted low PD (recognition of qualifications, career advancement, and work dynamics factors). As for organizational practices, higher employee-orientation predicted low PD (work dynamics) and higher innovation-orientation predicted low PD (career path factor). Overall, distal antecedents were better predictors of PD than the proximal antecedents. In summary, the research findings contribute to the general discrimination and organizational literatures and offer suggestions to policymaking bodies.</p>

scholarly journals An Integrative Framework on the Nature, Antecedents and Outcomes of Perceived Discrimination in the Workplace

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ma. Socorro G Diego-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Research Context

<p>This thesis aimed to advance the knowledge on perceived discrimination (PD) from targets' perspectives and address gaps in research. Study 1 reports a meta-analysis examining correlates of PD across 63 studies involving 37,790 participants. Findings showed that greater PD was associated with increased race/ethnic identification, negative well-being, and attitudes favouring affirmative action (AA). Greater PD was also related to low job satisfaction, low self-esteem and low socio-economic status (SES). The strongest relationship was found between PD and job satisfaction, followed by negative well-being, race/ethnic identity, self-esteem, AA attitudes and SES. The negative correlation between PD and ethnic identity was moderated by type of measurement, research context and type of sample. Similarly, the link between SES and PD was moderated by research context and type of sample. The meta-analysis also identified major research gaps that served as the jump off point for the next studies. Consequently, a three-component research framework for the study of PD was proposed and tested in three studies. The components were: 1) nature of PD, 2) antecedents of PD, and 3) outcomes of PD. Study 2 explored the first component through separate focus groups discussions participated by immigrants from China (5), India (5), Philippines (5), Germany (4) and Zimbabwe (4). Through thematic analysis, a 4-quadrant model emerged from the themes. In Study 3-A, three PD scales that fit the focus groups' model were constructed and collectively named as Immigrants' Perceptions of Discrimination in the Workplace Scales (IPDWS). The scales' psychometric properties were tested using 155 employed immigrants. Ten factors emerged and converged into two higher order factors - Job-Entry and On-the-Job. Study 3B examined job and psychological well-being outcomes using the same immigrant sample. Findings showed that high PD (in career advancement, compensation and equal treatment in policies factors) predicted low job satisfaction, high PD (in career advancement and derogation) predicted low affective commitment, high PD (exclusion factor) predicted high turnover intentions, and high PD (derogation factor) predicted less life satisfaction and greater psychological distress. Finally, Study 4 examined proximal (age, gender, ethnicity and birthplace) and distal (organizational demographics, perceptions of justice and practices) antecedents of PD through 540 employees using Employee Perceptions of Discrimination in the Workplace Scales (a modified version of IPDWS). Findings showed that increasing age and lower income predicted lower PD (nonrecognition of education and experience). Conversely, increasing age predicted higher PD in career advancement. Moreover, greater PD (in career advancement) occurred in large organizations and the public sector (work dynamics). For organizational justice, higher procedural justice predicted lower PD (career advancement factor), interpersonal justice predicted lower PD (work dynamics and derogation factors), and informational justices predicted low PD (recognition of qualifications, career advancement, and work dynamics factors). As for organizational practices, higher employee-orientation predicted low PD (work dynamics) and higher innovation-orientation predicted low PD (career path factor). Overall, distal antecedents were better predictors of PD than the proximal antecedents. In summary, the research findings contribute to the general discrimination and organizational literatures and offer suggestions to policymaking bodies.</p>

An Examination of Culturally Relevant Stressors, Coping, Ethnic Identity, and Subjective Well-Being in Urban, Ethnic Minority Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1101500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Vera ◽  
Kimberly Vacek ◽  
Laura D. Coyle ◽  
Jennifer Stinson ◽  
Megan Mull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Culturally Relevant ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
Ethnic Minority Adolescents

This study explored relations between culturally relevant stressors (i.e., urban hassles, perceived discrimination) and subjective well-being (SWB; i.e., positive/negative affect, life satisfaction) to examine whether ethnic identity and/or coping strategies would serve as moderators of the relations between stress and SWB for 157 urban, ethnic minority adolescents. Ethnic identity moderated the relation between perceived discrimination and life satisfaction. Self-distraction coping moderated the relation between urban hassles and negative affect. This article discusses implications for school counseling prevention and interventions.

scholarly journals The influence of perceived discrimination, sense of control, self-esteem and multiple discrepancies on the mental health and subjective well-being in Serbian immigrants in Canada

Psihologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vukojevic ◽  
Zorica Kuburic ◽  
Aleksandar Damjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multiple Discrepancy ◽  
Positive Effect

The study focuses on the mental health and subjective well-being (SWB) of Serbian immigrants of the first generation in Canada. We wanted to examine if perceived discrimination, sense of control, self-esteem and perceived multiple discrepancy affect their mental health and SWB. Our results indicate that self-esteem and sense of control have a positive effect on mental health and all aspects of the SWB, while the perceived discrimination and perceived multiple discrepancy negatively affect SWB and mental health. Self-esteem was the most salient predictor of mental health, while the perceived multiple discrepancy was the most salient predictor of life satisfaction of Serbian immigrants.

Acculturative stress and life satisfaction of Chinese rural-to-urban migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dekuo Liang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Liying Xia ◽  
Dawei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known regarding the life satisfaction of rural-to-urban migrants in China. In this study we assessed whether self-esteem and perceived social support mediated the association between rural-to-urban migrants' acculturative stress and life satisfaction. We use convenience sampling to recruit 712 migrants who were employed at construction sites in Nanjing for the study. Results reveal that acculturative stress was negatively related to self-esteem, perceived social support, and life satisfaction; self-esteem was positively associated with perceived social support and life satisfaction; and perceived social support was a significant and positive predictor of life satisfaction. In addition, we found that self-esteem and perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between acculturative stress and life satisfaction. Our findings provide a better understanding of life satisfaction over the course of migration, and add to knowledge of psychological well-being and mental health among rural-to-urban migrants in China.

Influence of Parenting Styles and Peer Attachment on Life Satisfaction Among Adolescents: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110098
Author(s):  
Mudasir Aziz ◽  
Waheeda Khan ◽  
Faseeh Amin ◽  
Mohammad Furqan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
The Relationship

Both parenting and peer relationship are essential in the formation of self-esteem among the adolescents which lead to overall psychological development. Life satisfaction is another outcome that describes the subjective well-being of any person and the quality of one’s life. Literature has already suggested the importance of parenting and peer relationships in the development of self-esteem which may lead to life satisfaction among adolescents. However, the relationship between three styles of parenting as well as peer attachment and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem seems to be missing from the literature. This work is an important attempt toward fulfilling this research gap with respect to adolescents. The data were collected from 500 respondents which resulted in 412 functional responses. Structural equation modeling method was used to test the relationship in the study. The results revealed that both authoritative and permissive parenting have a positive influence on self-esteem in comparison to the negative influence of authoritarian parenting. Peer attachment also has an affirmative impact on self-esteem. Self-esteem also positively influences life satisfaction. Mediation results revealed that self-esteem partially mediates the association between three parenting styles, peer attachment, and life satisfaction. This study may offer unique insights to family counselors, couple counselors, and family educators about the role of different parenting styles and peer attachment with respect to the development of children’s self-esteem and life satisfaction. These results are also important for psychologists, sociologists, and other specialists with respect to understanding these factors for the well-being of adolescents.

scholarly journals Urban Adolescence: The Role of Neighbourhood Greenspace in Mental Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. E. Mueller ◽  
Eirini Flouri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mental Well Being

Mental health and well-being in adolescence are associated with many short- and long-term outcomes. The evidence suggests that greenspace may play a role in adolescents' mental well-being, but we do not know much about the specifics of this link. In this paper, we investigated the role of other factors in the association. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of neighbourhood greenspace in emotional and behavioural outcomes in 11-year-old urban adolescents participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 4,534). We used linear regression models to test for an association of greenspace with self-esteem, happiness, positive mood, negative mood, and antisocial behaviour. We also investigated effect modification/moderation by garden access, physical activity, and perceived area safety. We did not find a main effect of greenspace, but we did find interaction effects. First, in adolescents without a garden, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of self-esteem and positive mood. Second, in adolescents who reported lower levels of physical activity, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of negative mood. Third, in adolescents who perceived their areas to be unsafe, higher levels of greenspace were associated with higher levels of antisocial behaviour. Our findings suggest that merely more greenspace in the neighbourhood may not be sufficient to promote the mental well-being of urban adolescents in the UK. However, greenspace does seem to have an influence under certain conditions which should be investigated further in future studies.

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