scholarly journals Domain Specific Lateralization of the Frontal Processes Informing Inhibition: A TMS Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kristopher Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Frontal Processes ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right

<p>Response inhibition is the suppression of actions that are inappropriate given some wider context or goal, a capacity that is vital for everyday functioning. In this thesis the theoretical backdrop of executive functioning is discussed, before exploring current research into response inhibition and its neural underpinnings. A theory by Mostofsky and Simmonds (2008) holds that when the decision to inhibit a behavior is a complex one, task dependent parts of an inhibitory network in the prefrontal cortex are utilized. The current thesis argues on the basis of observed biases in the literature, for the possibility that this task dependent engagement features domain specific lateralization. In order to investigate this, a transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS] experiment is then presented where four go/no-go tasks, spread across language and spatial domains in complex and simple forms, are performed following TMS. Stimulation sites include the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus, the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus, and sham stimulation. Results are then discussed, however implications are limited, likely due to low statistical power.</p>

scholarly journals Domain Specific Lateralization of the Frontal Processes Informing Inhibition: A TMS Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kristopher Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Frontal Processes ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right

<p>Response inhibition is the suppression of actions that are inappropriate given some wider context or goal, a capacity that is vital for everyday functioning. In this thesis the theoretical backdrop of executive functioning is discussed, before exploring current research into response inhibition and its neural underpinnings. A theory by Mostofsky and Simmonds (2008) holds that when the decision to inhibit a behavior is a complex one, task dependent parts of an inhibitory network in the prefrontal cortex are utilized. The current thesis argues on the basis of observed biases in the literature, for the possibility that this task dependent engagement features domain specific lateralization. In order to investigate this, a transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS] experiment is then presented where four go/no-go tasks, spread across language and spatial domains in complex and simple forms, are performed following TMS. Stimulation sites include the right posterior inferior frontal gyrus, the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus, and sham stimulation. Results are then discussed, however implications are limited, likely due to low statistical power.</p>

Activation of Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus during Response Inhibition across Response Modalities

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Chikazoe ◽  
Seiki Konishi ◽  
Tomoki Asari ◽  
Koji Jimura ◽  
Yasushi Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Antisaccade Task ◽  
Preparatory Set ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Modality Difference

The go/no-go task, which effectively taps the ability to inhibit prepotent response tendency, has consistently activated the lateral prefrontal cortex, particularly the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). On the other hand, rIFG activation has rarely been reported in the antisaccade task, seemingly an oculomotor version of the manual go/no-go task. One possible explanation for the variable IFG activation is the modality difference of the two tasks: The go/no-go task is performed manually, whereas the antisaccade task is performed in the oculomotor modality. Another explanation is that these two tasks have different task structures that require different cognitive processes: The traditional antisaccade task requires (i) configuration of a preparatory set prior to antisaccade execution and (ii) response inhibition at the time of antisaccade execution, whereas the go/no-go task requires heightened response inhibition under a minimal preparatory set. To test these possibilities, the traditional antisaccade task was modified in the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study such that it required heightened response inhibition at the time of antisaccade execution under a minimal preparatory set. Prominent activation related to response inhibition was observed in multiple frontoparietal regions, including the rIFG. Moreover, meta-analyses revealed that the rIFG activation in the present study was observed in the go/no-go tasks but not in the traditional antisaccade task, indicating that the rIFG activation was sensitive to the task structure difference, but not to the response modality difference. These results suggest that the rIFG is part of a network active during response inhibition across different response modalities.

scholarly journals Healthy women with severe early life trauma show altered neural facilitation of emotion inhibition under acute stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Sabrina Golde ◽  
Katja Wingenfeld ◽  
Antje Riepenhausen ◽  
Nina Schröter ◽  
Juliane Fleischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
History Of Or ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundAcross psychopathologies, trauma-exposed individuals suffer from difficulties in inhibiting emotions and regulating attention. In trauma-exposed individuals without psychopathology, only subtle alterations of neural activity involved in regulating emotions have been reported. It remains unclear how these neural systems react to demanding environments, when acute (non-traumatic but ordinary) stress serves to perturbate the system. Moreover, associations with subthreshold clinical symptoms are poorly understood.MethodsThe present fMRI study investigated response inhibition of emotional faces before and after psychosocial stress situations. Specifically, it compared 25 women (mean age 31.5 ± 9.7 years) who had suffered severe early life trauma but who did not have a history of or current psychiatric disorder, with 25 age- and education-matched trauma-naïve women.ResultsUnder stress, response inhibition related to fearful faces was reduced in both groups. Compared to controls, trauma-exposed women showed decreased left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) activation under stress when inhibiting responses to fearful faces, while activation of the right anterior insula was slightly increased. Also, groups differed in brain–behaviour correlations. Whereas stress-induced false alarm rates on fearful stimuli negatively correlated with stress-induced IFG signal in controls, in trauma-exposed participants, they positively correlated with stress-induced insula activation.ConclusionNeural facilitation of emotion inhibition during stress appears to be altered in trauma-exposed women, even without a history of or current psychopathology. Decreased activation of the IFG in concert with heightened bottom-up salience of fear related cues may increase vulnerability to stress-related diseases.

scholarly journals Right inferior frontal gyrus implements motor inhibitory control via beta-band oscillations in humans

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schaum ◽  
Edoardo Pinzuti ◽  
Alexandra Sebastian ◽  
Klaus Lieb ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Band Activity

Motor inhibitory control implemented as response inhibition is an essential cognitive function required to dynamically adapt to rapidly changing environments. Despite over a decade of research on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition, it remains unclear, how exactly response inhibition is initiated and implemented. Using a multimodal MEG/fMRI approach in 59 subjects, our results reliably reveal that response inhibition is initiated by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) as a form of attention-independent top-down control that involves the modulation of beta-band activity. Furthermore, stopping performance was predicted by beta-band power, and beta-band connectivity was directed from rIFG to pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), indicating rIFG’s dominance over pre-SMA. Thus, these results strongly support the hypothesis that rIFG initiates stopping, implemented by beta-band oscillations with potential to open up new ways of spatially localized oscillation-based interventions.

scholarly journals Distraction attenuates goal-directed neural responses for food rewards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Duif ◽  
Joost Wegman ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
Paul A.M. Smeets ◽  
Esther Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
The Right ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Outcome Devaluation

AbstractDistracted eating can lead to increased food intake, but it is unclear how. We hypothesized that distraction affects the change in motivated responses for food reward after satiation. To investigate this, 38 healthy normal-weight participants (28F, 10M) performed a detection task varying in attentional load (high or low distraction) during fMRI. Simultaneously, they exerted effort for food rewards (sweet or savory) by repeated button presses. Two fMRI runs were separated by outcome devaluation (satiation) of one of the reward outcomes, to assess outcome-sensitive, i.e. goal-directed, responses. Behavioral results showed no effect of distraction on effort for food reward following outcome devaluation. At an uncorrected threshold (p<0.001), distraction decreased goal-directed responses (devalued versus valued) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Importantly, these distraction-sensitive rIFG responses correlated negatively (r = - 0.40, p = 0.014) with the effect of distraction on the number of button presses. Specifically, decreased rIFG responses due to distraction related to increased button presses for food reward after satiation, in line with the rIFG’s established role in response inhibition. Furthermore, distraction decreased functional connectivity between the rIFG (seed) and left putamen for valued versus devalued food rewards (pFWE(cluster)<0.05). Our results suggest that distraction attenuates the ability to inhibit responses for food reward after satiation by affecting the rIFG. Furthermore, distraction attenuated connectivity between two regions involved in response inhibition – rIFG and putamen – after outcome devaluation. These results may explain why distraction can lead to overeating in our current, distracting, environment. The study was preregistered at: https://osf.io/ad2qk.

Different Behavioral Types of Distributional Preferences Are Characterized by Distinct Neural Signatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Katharina Koch ◽  
Lorena R. R. Gianotti ◽  
Jan Hausfeld ◽  
Mirjam Studler ◽  
Daria Knoch
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Behavioral Types ◽  
Distributional Preferences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Initial Distributions ◽  
Neural Signatures

Abstract There are many situations where resources are distributed between two parties and where the deciding party has information about the initial distribution and can change its outcome, for example, the allocation of budget for funds or bonuses, where the deciding party might have self-interested motives. Although the neural underpinnings of distributional preferences of resources have been extensively studied, it remains unclear if there are different types of distributional preferences and if these types underlie different disposing neural signatures. We used source-localized resting EEG in combination with a data-driven clustering approach to participants' behavior in a distribution game in order to disentangle the neural sources of the different types of distributional preferences. Our findings revealed four behavioral types: Maximizing types always changed initial distributions to maximize their personal outcomes, and compliant types always left initial distributions unchanged. Disadvantage-averse types only changed initial distributions if they received less than the other party did, and equalizing types primarily changed initial distributions to fair distributions. These behavioral types differed regarding neural baseline activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Maximizing and compliant types showed the highest baseline activation, followed by disadvantage-averse types and equalizing types. Furthermore, maximizing types showed significantly higher baseline activation in the left OFC compared to compliant types. Taken together, our findings show that different types of distributional preferences are characterized by distinct neural signatures, which further imply differences in underlying psychological processes in decision-making.

scholarly journals No Modulatory Effects when Stimulating the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus with Continuous 6 Hz tACS and tRNS on Response Inhibition: A Behavioral Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Brauer ◽  
Navah Ester Kadish ◽  
Anya Pedersen ◽  
Michael Siniatchkin ◽  
Vera Moliadze
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
The Right

Response inhibition is the cognitive process required to cancel an intended action. During that process, a “go” reaction is intercepted particularly by the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA). After the commission of inhibition errors, theta activity (4–8 Hz) is related to the adaption processes. In this study, we intend to examine whether the boosting of theta activity by electrical stimulation over rIFG reduces the number of errors and the reaction times in a response inhibition task (Go/NoGo paradigm) during and after stimulation. 23 healthy right-handed adults participated in the study. In three separate sessions, theta tACS at 6 Hz, transcranial random noise (tRNS) as a second stimulation condition, and sham stimulation were applied for 20 minutes. Based on behavioral data, this study could not show any effects of 6 Hz tACS as well as full spectrum tRNS on response inhibition in any of the conditions. Since many findings support the relevance of the rIFG for response inhibition, this could mean that 6 Hz activity is not important for response inhibition in that structure. Reasons for our null findings could also lie in the stimulation parameters, such as the electrode montage or the stimulation frequency, which are discussed in this article in more detail. Sharing negative findings will have (1) positive impact on future research questions and study design and will improve (2) knowledge acquisition of noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation techniques.

RISK TAKING, RESPONSE INHIBITION AND THE RIGHT INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. e3.33-e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhlert ◽  
Nils ◽  
Boy ◽  
Frederick ◽  
Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Dissociable Mechanisms of Cognitive Control in Prefrontal and Premotor Cortex

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 3638-3647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Mark A. Bellgrove ◽  
Ian C. Gould ◽  
Therese English ◽  
Hugh Garavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Intelligent behavior depends on the ability to suppress inappropriate actions and resolve interference between competing responses. Recent clinical and neuroimaging evidence has demonstrated the involvement of prefrontal, parietal, and premotor areas during behaviors that emphasize conflict and inhibition. It remains unclear, however, whether discrete subregions within this network are crucial for overseeing more specific inhibitory demands. Here we probed the functional specialization of human prefrontal cortex by combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with integrated behavioral measures of response inhibition (stop-signal task) and response competition (flanker task). Participants undertook a combined stop-signal/flanker task after rTMS of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) or dorsal premotor cortex (dPM) in each hemisphere. Stimulation of the right IFG impaired stop-signal inhibition under conditions of heightened response competition but did not influence the ability to suppress a competing response. In contrast, stimulation of the right dPM facilitated execution but had no effect on inhibition. Neither of these results was observed during rTMS of corresponding left-hemisphere regions. Overall, our findings are consistent with existing evidence that the right IFG is crucial for inhibitory control. The observed double dissociation of neurodisruptive effects between the right IFG and right dPM further implies that response inhibition and execution rely on distinct neural processes despite activating a common cortical network.

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