scholarly journals The BRI and AIIB: A Challenge to the Liberal International Order?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Whyte
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International Order ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

<p>First announced in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a central component of Chinese foreign policy under the presidency of Xi Jinping. Given the scope and vision of the BRI, several fundamental questions have been raised by the policy. Is the BRI threatening? Will it strengthen the system? Will it supplement it? In order to explore this puzzle, the thesis undertakes empirical analyses of the BRI and the accompanying Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). These analyses will be placed within a container of the Liberal International Order (LIO). This framework, derived from the writings of G. John Ikenberry, is based around four elements: Open Multilateral Trade, International Institutions, Liberal Democracy and Neoliberal World Economy. The findings show that the BRI and AIIB have combined to create a disorientating picture in which elements of the LIO are both strengthened and undermined. This allows China to sit benignly within the order while constructing the infrastructure needed to break from the system - if and when required.</p>

scholarly journals The BRI and AIIB: A Challenge to the Liberal International Order?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Whyte
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
International Order ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

<p>First announced in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a central component of Chinese foreign policy under the presidency of Xi Jinping. Given the scope and vision of the BRI, several fundamental questions have been raised by the policy. Is the BRI threatening? Will it strengthen the system? Will it supplement it? In order to explore this puzzle, the thesis undertakes empirical analyses of the BRI and the accompanying Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). These analyses will be placed within a container of the Liberal International Order (LIO). This framework, derived from the writings of G. John Ikenberry, is based around four elements: Open Multilateral Trade, International Institutions, Liberal Democracy and Neoliberal World Economy. The findings show that the BRI and AIIB have combined to create a disorientating picture in which elements of the LIO are both strengthened and undermined. This allows China to sit benignly within the order while constructing the infrastructure needed to break from the system - if and when required.</p>

Summit moves China's OBOR towards internationalisation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Multilateral Development Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Subject The future of China's One Belt One Road initiative. Significance China convened the first summit of the Belt and Road Initiative (previously known as 'One Belt One Road', OBOR) on May 14-15. With this major diplomatic event, President Xi Jinping aimed to showcase and buttress international support for his central foreign policy initiative, the success of which will hinge on the participation of other countries, regional organisations and international financial institutions. Their contribution, or lack thereof, will affect the nature of OBOR and determine the impact of the Chinese initiative on Asia’s infrastructure connectivity and economic system, as well as on the international order. Impacts Cooperation between China and multilateral development banks may increase the number of OBOR projects with competitive procurement. Plans for OBOR’s corridors may be altered to accommodate competing visions for Asia’s connectivity, such as Russia’s. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank may more formally align its mandate with OBOR’s.

China and the Struggle over the Future of International Order

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongying Pang
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
International Order ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The Future ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
The Belt And Road

This chapter discusses China’s changing attitude, doctrine, and policy actions towards international order and offers some tentative findings on the complexity of China’s role in the struggle over the future of international order. This complexity results from China’s efforts simultaneously to consolidate its presence in the existing international order but also to reform existing global governance institutions. The ambition to seek an alternative international order makes it, at least to some extent, a revisionist state. While pursuing an agenda to reform the existing international order from within, China additionally has begun to sponsor an unprecedented number of new international institutions and initiatives of its own, such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). How this will play out will depend above all on the interaction of China with a USA still wedded to its hegemonic role in world politics.

scholarly journals The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Loan Projects: Analyzing The People’s Republic of China’s Multilayered Multilateralism Strategy to Turkey (2016-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggara Raharyo ◽  
Shelia Saady
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Belt And Road

The establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was first marked with the proposition made by People’s Republic of China (PRC) President Xi Jinping in 2013. Many since then believes that the establishment of the AIIB is part of PRC’s bigger plan that is the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI). The significance of Turkey strategic position for the implementation of BRI, it is very crucial for PRC to maintain a steady flow of cooperation with Turkey.  Out of 93 members that has joined as a part of AIIB, Turkey stands as the second largest loan receiver by the end of 2018. This article argues that PRC has been using AIIB as part as their BRI plan through its multilayered-multilateralism strategy to Turkey. This article analyze the loan policies that has been made by PRC and AIIB to Turkey from 2016 to 2018

scholarly journals A Community with a Shared Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Wenping He
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
New Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
Economic Choices ◽  
The Belt And Road

Beijing has elevated Africa’s position in its foreign policy planning and increasingly regards the continent as a proving ground for its vision of humanity as a community with a shared future. The Xi Jinping administration has laid out a number of principles, for example, sincerity, pragmatism, affinity, and good faith, as well as major economic and financial initiatives — the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank — to step up engagement with Africa in a more comprehensive and targeted manner. China’s development and governance model represents an alternative to the hitherto under-delivering Western approach that has been practiced by many African nations over the past decades. Beijing respects Africans’ political and economic choices, but also stands ready to help the continent try new development approaches and amplify its voices on the world stage. Fostering political convergence, building mutual trust, promoting local industrialization, increasing financial support for small and medium businesses, and ensuring infrastructure sustainability are the priorities for future China-African cooperation.

scholarly journals Pianificazione ambientale e sociale per le Nuove Vie della Seta. Il caso della Banca Asiatica d’Investimento per le Infrastrutture

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Brombal
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) highlights the role of large infrastructures in promoting socioeconomic progress. Environmental and social planning will play a pivotal role to ensure that the BRI is tuned with the protection of nature and societal needs. This paper appraises environmental and social safeguards employed by the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), one of BRI’s key actors. Results show that their rationale, scope, and function are aligned with international practice. Their efficacy however may be jeopardized by the limited capacity of the Bank to oversee the screening and assessment of impacts. More importantly, AIIB’s safeguards endorse an obsolete conceptualization of sustainability, centred on the mitigation of impacts, rather than on the transformation of socioeconomic development patterns.

The recalibration of Chinese assertiveness: China's responses to the Indo-Pacific challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Order ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract In response to the changing geopolitical landscape in Asia, both China and the United States attempt to alter the regional order in their own favour, both in the economic and security realms. This article shows how diverging views on future arrangements are leading to strategic shifts and increasing tension between these two Great Powers. As part of its quest for Great-Power status, China has been actively pushing its regional initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), as well as adopting assertive security policies towards its neighbours. In contrast, in order to counter China's growing influence America's regional strategy is undergoing a subtle shift from ‘rebalancing to Asia’ to focusing on the ‘Indo-Pacific’ region. However, amid an intensifying trade war and other challenges facing the region, China has chosen to moderate its proactive foreign policy-orientation in the past few years. In particular, China has made attempts to downplay its domestic rhetoric, rebuild strategic relationship with India and Japan, and to reassure ASEAN states in the South China Sea. In response to the Indo-Pacific strategy, it would be more effective for China to articulate a more inclusive regional vision and promote an institutional framework that also accommodates a US presence in the region.

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