Advancement in Medical Sciences to Treat Medical and Surgical Diseases including Prevention, Treatment and Vaccine Development of COVID-19 in Pandemic

Abstract Tools developed by Moderna, BioNTech/Pfizer, and Oxford/Astrazeneca, among others, provide universal solutions to previously problematic aspects of drug or vaccine delivery, uptake and toxicity, portending new tools across the medical sciences. A novel method is presented based on estimating protein backbone free energy via geometry to predict effective antiviral targets, antigens and vaccine cargos that are resistant to viral mutation. This method is reviewed and reformulated in light of the recent proliferation of structural data on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its mutations in multiple lineages. Key findings include: collections of mutagenic residues reoccur across strains, suggesting cooperative convergent evolution; most mutagenic residues do not participate in backbone hydrogen bonds; metastability of the glyco-protein limits the change of free energy through mutation thereby constraining selective pressure; and there are mRNA or virus-vector cargos targeting low free energy peptides proximal to conserved high free energy peptides providing specific recipes for vaccines with greater specificity than the full-spike approach. These results serve to limit peptides in the spike glycoprotein with high mutagenic potential and thereby provide a priori constraints on viral and attendant vaccine evolution. Scientific and regulatory challenges to nucleic acid therapeutic and vaccine development and deployment are finally discussed.

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Antiviral Resistance against Viral Mutation: Praxis and Policy for SARS CoV-2

10.1101/2021.02.25.432861 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Penner

Keyword(s):

Free Energy ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Structural Data ◽

Antiviral Resistance ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Viral Mutation ◽

Novel Method ◽

Antiviral Targets ◽

Universal Solutions ◽

Regulatory Challenges

AbstractNew tools developed by Moderna, BioNTech/Pfizer and Oxford/Astrazeneca provide universal solutions to previously problematic aspects of drug or vaccine delivery, uptake and toxicity, portending new tools across the medical sciences. A novel method is presented based on estimating protein backbone free energy via geometry to predict effective antiviral targets, antigens and vaccine cargoes that are resistant to viral mutation. This method, partly described in earlier work of the author, is reviewed and reformulated here in light of the profusion of recent structural data on the SARS CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its latest mutations. Scientific and regulatory challenges to nucleic acid therapeutic and vaccine development and deployment are also discussed.

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Current State of the Problem of Vaccine Development for Specific Prophylaxis of Plague

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections ◽

10.21055/0370-1069-2019-1-50-63 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. I. Mikshis ◽

V. V. Kutyrev

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Efficiency Enhancement ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Lethal Outcome ◽

Current State ◽

Modern Period ◽

New Generation ◽

Design And Testing

Emergence of large-scale plague outbreaks in Africa and South America countries in the modern period, characterized by high frequency of pneumonic plague development (including with lethal outcome) keeps up the interest of scientists to the matters of development and testing of means for specific prophylaxis of this particularly dangerous infectious disease. WHO workshop that was held in 2018 identified the general principles of optimization of design and testing of new-generation vaccines effectively protecting the population from plague infection. Application of the achievements of biological and medical sciences for outlining rational strategy for construction of immunobiological preparations led to a certain progress in the creation of not only sub-unit vaccines based on recombinant antigens, but also live and vector preparations on the platform of safe bacterial strains and replicating and non-replicating viruses in recent years. The review comprehensively considers the relevant trends in vaccine construction for plague prevention, describes advantages of the state-of-the art methodologies for their safety and efficiency enhancement.

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The Commitment of the Documentation Service of the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences for the Impartment of Evidence Based Medicine

Swiss Surgery ◽

10.1024/1023-9332.5.4.183 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 183-185

Author(s):

Bleuer

Keyword(s):

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Based Medicine

Die mit dem Aufkommen der elektronischen Medien einhergehende Informationsflut hat die Erwartungen an den Dokumentationsdienst (DOKDI) der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften verändert: Insbesondere Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) verlangt nicht nur die Beschaffung von Information, sondern auch eine Selektion hinsichtlich Qualität und Relevanz: Die sich aus der klinischen Situation ergebende Frage fordert eine Antwort, die inhaltlich richtig ist und in der konkreten Situation auch weiterhilft. Dem Ideal, sich durch kritische Lektüre der Originalarbeiten ein Bild über die vorhandene Evidenz für die Richtigkeit eines bestimmten Prozederes zu verschaffen, stehen in der Praxis meist Zeitmangel und methodische Schwierigkeiten im Weg; man wird sich deshalb oft auf die durch andere erarbeitete Evidenz abstützen müssen und z.B. die Cochrane Library konsultieren. Der DOKDI engagiert sich sowohl bei der Erarbeitung von systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten als auch bei der Dissemination der gefundenen Evidenz, indem er seine Erfahrung in der Dokumentation mit elektronischen Medien und die entsprechende Infrastruktur zur Verfügung stellt. Als Ergänzung zu diesen Aktivitäten hat die Akademie einen Grant zur Ausbildung von EBM-Tutoren gesprochen. In einem einwöchigen Kurs in Oxford werden Kliniker zu EBM-Tutoren ausgebildet: Dies wird zukünftig ermöglichen, vermehrt EBM-Workshops in der Schweiz durchzuführen.

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The Flaviviruses: Detection, Diagnosis, and Vaccine Development

10.1016/s0065-3527(00)x0008-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Development

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Instruction for authors

International Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32441/ijms.v1i2.81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Abdulghani Alsamarai

Keyword(s):

Original Work ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Case Reports ◽

Editorial Policy ◽

High Standard ◽

Publication Ethics ◽

Current Interest ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Medical News ◽

Review Articles

Introduction The International Journal of Medical Sciences [IJMS], ISSN 2522-7386, is a peer-reviewed, 3 issues published annually. Authors are invited to submit for publication articles with a wide spectrum of coverage reporting original work, in the fields of medicine, nursery, dentistry, and pharmacy sciences. Review articles are usually by invitation only. However, Review articles of current interest and high standard will be considered. Prospective work should not be back dated. There are also sections for Case Reports, Brief Communication, correspondence and medical news items. Authors should read the editorial policy and publication ethics before submitting their manuscripts. Authors should also use the appropriate reporting guidelines in preparing their manuscripts

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