Direct and Indirect Effects of Economic and Political Freedom on Economic Growth

Using a sample that covers more than 100 countries over the 2000-2017 period, we assess the impact of macroprudential policies on financial stability. In particular, we examine whether the activation of macroprudential policies is conducive to a lower incidence of systemic banking crises. Our empirical setup is designed to account for the potential direct and indirect effects that macroprudential policies can have on banking crises. We find that while macro-prudential policies exert a direct stabilizing effect, they also have an indirect destabilizing effect, which works through the depressing of economic growth. A Generalized Impulse Response Function analysis of a dynamic system composed of the probability of a banking crisis and economic growth reveals, however, that macroprudential policies have a positive net effect on financial stability (lower likelihood of systemic banking crises).

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Effect Of Balancing Funds And Special Autonomy Funds On Economic Growth In West Papua Province (Capital Expenditure As An Intervening Variable)

EKO-REGIONAL JURNAL PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI WILAYAH ◽

10.20884/1.erjpe.2020.15.2.1587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Marthen Anthon Pentury

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Central Government ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Regression Method ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Government Transfer ◽

West Papua ◽

Data Source ◽

Intervening Variables

Economic growth in West Papua Province is intensively carried out in order to pursue better economic development compared to other regions. The impetus for regional development comes from the central government transfer namely the balance fund and the special autonomy fund. The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude of direct and indirect effects through intervening variables. The variables in this study are balance funds (X1), special autonomy funds (X2), capital expenditure (Z) as intervening variables and economic growth (Y). The data source comes from BPS. By using the path analysis regression method. The results showed that the balancing fund and special autonomy fund did not significantly influence capital expenditure, while the balancing fund, special autonomy fund and capital expenditure had a significant effect on economic growth. The indirect effect shows the insignificant influence of the balance fund and special autonomy fund through intervening variable capital expenditure on economic growth.Keywords : Balancing Funds, Special Autonomy Funds, Capital Expenditure and Economic Growth

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Differential Effects of Information and Communication Technology on (De-) Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes

International Studies Quarterly ◽

10.1093/isq/sqab053 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Changyong Choi ◽

Sang Hoon Jee

Keyword(s):

Information And Communication Technology ◽

Communication Technology ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Authoritarian Regimes ◽

Political Freedom ◽

The Internet ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Democratic Deliberation ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Governance Practice

Abstract Utilizing state–society relations as a theoretic framework, this study investigates whether the Internet is used to facilitate or impede democratization in authoritarian regimes. The present paper uses governance practice as the mediating mechanism, along with a regime's degree of authoritarianism as a moderator, to measure the direct and indirect effects of the Internet on democratization. This research found that the Internet can be mobilized to suppress political freedom in authoritarian regimes, while at the same time reinforcing the legitimacy of the regime's basis—both of these deter democratization. The Internet, as a tool, must be complemented by democratic deliberation to fully generate democratization.

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Analyzing Direct and Indirect Effects of Economic Sanctions on I. R. Iran Economic Growth: Focusing on the External Sector of the Economy

Open Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.4236/ojms.2016.64038 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

pp. 457-471

Author(s):

Morteza Ezzati

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Economic Sanctions ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

External Sector

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Transmission Channels of Public Investments Effects on Economic Growth: Case of the CEMAC Sub-region

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.2478/mjss-2018-0113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 43-52

Author(s):

Ibrahim Nji Ngouhouo ◽

Samuel Honoré Ntavoua

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Least Squares ◽

Method Of Moments ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Public Investment ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Two Stage ◽

Investment Policies ◽

Public Investments

Abstract The main objective of this research is to locate channels through which public investment can be forwarded in order to impact economic growth in the CEMAC sub-region. To achieve this goal, a dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) and the two-stage least squares (TSLS) methods have been applied. Data to test our two hypotheses were collected from various sources. The results have shown that there effectively exist significant direct and indirect effects of public investment on economic growth. We also discovered that export and employment are being considered as the last shackles of the chain. To that effect, it is recommended to the CEMAC authorities to grant more interest to these variables during the elaboration of public investment policies.

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