scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 mid-season results

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Fiona Warburton ◽  
Joanna Ellis ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Alison Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Genetic Clusters

In 2015/16, the influenza season in the United Kingdom was dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation. Virus characterisation indicated the emergence of genetic clusters, with the majority antigenically similar to the current influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain. Mid-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates show an adjusted VE of 41.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0–64.7) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultations and of 49.1% (95% CI: 9.3–71.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These estimates show levels of protection similar to the 2010/11 season, when this strain was first used in the seasonal vaccine.

scholarly journals Low effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 mid–season results

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Pebody ◽  
F Warburton ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
N Andrews ◽  
C Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
H3n2 Vaccine

In 2014/15 the United Kingdom experienced circulation of influenza A(H3N2) with impact in the elderly. Mid-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) shows an adjusted VE of 3.4% (95% CI: ?44.8 to 35.5) against primary care consultation with laboratory-confirmed influenza and ?2.3% (95% CI: ?56.2 to 33.0) for A(H3N2). The low VE reflects mismatch between circulating viruses and the 2014/15 northern hemisphere A(H3N2) vaccine strain. Early use of antivirals for prophylaxis and treatment of vulnerable populations remains important.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine for adults and children in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2015/16 end-of-season results

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Fiona Warburton ◽  
Joanna Ellis ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Alison Potts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
The Uk

The United Kingdom (UK) is in the third season of introducing universal paediatric influenza vaccination with a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The 2015/16 season in the UK was initially dominated by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and then influenza of B/Victoria lineage, not contained in that season’s adult trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Overall adjusted end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 52.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.0–61.6) against influenza-confirmed primary care consultation, 54.5% (95% CI: 41.6–64.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 54.2% (95% CI: 33.1–68.6) against influenza B. In 2–17 year-olds, adjusted VE for LAIV was 57.6% (95% CI: 25.1 to 76.0) against any influenza, 81.4% (95% CI: 39.6–94.3) against influenza B and 41.5% (95% CI: −8.5 to 68.5) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. These estimates demonstrate moderate to good levels of protection, particularly against influenza B in children, but relatively less against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Despite lineage mismatch in the trivalent IIV, adults younger than 65 years were still protected against influenza B. These results provide reassurance for the UK to continue its influenza immunisation programme planned for 2016/17.

scholarly journals Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ellis ◽  
M Galiano ◽  
R Pebody ◽  
A Lackenby ◽  
CI Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Influenza Activity ◽  
Children And Young Adults

The 2010/11 winter influenza season is underway in the United Kingdom, with co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)2009 (antigenically similar to the current 2010/11 vaccine strain), influenza B (mainly B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, similar to the 2010/11 vaccine strain) and a few sporadic influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Clinical influenza activity has been increasing. Severe illness, resulting in hospitalisation and deaths, has occurred in children and young adults and has predominantly been associated with influenza A(H1N1)2009, but also influenza B viruses.

scholarly journals Overrepresentation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among severe influenza cases in the 2011/12 season in four European countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beauté ◽  
E Broberg ◽  
F Plata ◽  
I Bonmarin ◽  
J O’Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
Pdm09 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Subtype A

In France, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom, the influenza season 2011/12 started in the final weeks of 2011 and has been dominated by influenza A(H3) viruses with minimal circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses. A relatively greater proportion, however, of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were reported in hospitalised laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in four countries. Compared to the season 2010/11, the proportion of subtype A(H3) among hospitalised cases has increased, associated with a larger proportion of cases in the youngest and oldest age groups.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal 2012/13 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in primary care in the United Kingdom: mid-season analysis 2012/13

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J McMenamin ◽  
N Andrews ◽  
C Robertson ◽  
D M Fleming ◽  
H Durnall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

The early experience of the United Kingdom (UK) is that influenza B has dominated the influenza 2012/13 season. Overall trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against all laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care was 51% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27% to 68%); TIV adjusted VE against influenza A alone or influenza B alone was 49% (95% CI: -2% to 75%) and 52% (95% CI: 23% to 70%) respectively. Vaccination remains the best protection against influenza.

scholarly journals Public health implications of influenza B outbreaks in closed settings in the United Kingdom in the 2007/08 influenza season

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Mook ◽  
J Ellis ◽  
J M Watson ◽  
CI Thompson ◽  
M Zambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The United Kingdom

Several influenza B outbreaks occurred in closed settings late in the 2007/08 influenza season (October to mid-May) in the United Kingdom (UK), with implications for public health management. Influenza B viruses usually circulate late in the season and cause a milder disease than influenza A viruses [1]. Epidemics of influenza B usually occur every two to three years with the burden of disease falling predominantly on school-aged children [2].

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