scholarly journals Human infection associated with outbreak of fowl plague (avian influenza) in the Netherlands – update 27 March

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Meijer ◽  
M Du Ry ◽  
R Fouchier ◽  
G Natrop ◽  
B Wilbrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Close Contacts

At the beginning of March 2003 an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (A/H7N7) in several Dutch poultry farms was reported (1). On 11 March 2003, several workers, who had been exposed to A/H7N7 infected poultry, developed conjunctivitis. Some of them tested positive for influenza A/H7N7 (2). One week later, two close contacts of a worker with H7N7 infection developed similar eye symptoms. They had also been infected with the avian influenza virus, although they had had no exposure to infected poultry themselves, which strongly suggests human to human transmission of the virus (3).

scholarly journals First detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Madslien ◽  
Torfinn Moldal ◽  
Britt Gjerset ◽  
Sveinn Gudmundsson ◽  
Arne Follestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Poultry Farms

Abstract Background Several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by influenza A virus of subtype H5N8 have been reported in wild birds and poultry in Europe during autumn 2020. Norway is one of the few countries in Europe that had not previously detected HPAI virus, despite widespread active monitoring of both domestic and wild birds since 2005. Results We report detection of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 in a wild pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), and several other geese, ducks and a gull, from south-western Norway in November and December 2020. Despite previous reports of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), this constitutes the first detections of HPAI in Norway. Conclusions The mode of introduction is unclear, but a northward migration of infected geese or gulls from Denmark or the Netherlands during the autumn of 2020 is currently our main hypothesis for the introduction of HPAI to Norway. The presence of HPAI in wild birds constitutes a new, and ongoing, threat to the Norwegian poultry industry, and compliance with the improved biosecurity measures on poultry farms should therefore be ensured. [MK1]Finally, although HPAI of subtype H5N8 has been reported to have very low zoonotic potential, this is a reminder that HPAI with greater zoonotic potential in wild birds may pose a threat in the future. [MK1]Updated with a sentence emphasizing the risk HPAI pose to poultry farms, both in the Abstract and in the Conclusion-section in main text, as suggested by Reviewer 1 (#7).

Pathology and Virus Distribution in Chickens Naturally Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H7N7) During the 2003 Outbreak in The Netherlands

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Riel ◽  
J. M. A. Van Den Brand ◽  
V. J. Munster ◽  
T. M. Besteboer ◽  
R. A. M. Fouchier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza

The largest recorded outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the subtype H7N7 occurred in the Netherlands in 2003. We describe the immunohistochemical and histopathologic findings of 3 chickens naturally infected during this outbreak. Influenza virus antigen occurred in endothelial cells and mononuclear cells of all tissues examined and occurred in parenchymal cells of heart, lung, kidney, pancreas, and trachea, often associated with multifocal inflammation and necrosis. These findings are consistent with the acute stage of highly pathogenic avian influenza from other subtypes. In the severely edematous wattle skin, most endothelial cells contained virus antigen, while in all other tissues virus antigen was only detected in a few endothelial cells. Virus histochemistry showed that this H7N7 virus attached to more endothelial cells in wattle skin than in other vascular beds. This might explain, at least partly, the tropism of the virus and the associated severity of lesions in this tissue.

scholarly journals Re-current Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Nigeria: Status of Vaccination as Alternate control

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
C.A. Meseko ◽  
B. Olorunsola ◽  
C.A. Chinyere ◽  
K. Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Commercial Flock ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Alternate Control

Epizootic of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 in Nigeria was successfully contained during the first wave that lasted from 2006 to 2008 without the use of vaccine. Re-current and more severe outbreak was witnessed in 2015 and there are suspicions that some farmers may have resorted to vaccination to prevent infections in their flocks. We investigate evidence of vaccination in farms and the status of vaccination as alternate control for HPAI in Nigeria. The study was carried out in a cross section of 24 commercial poultry farms in four States in South West and North Central Nigeria. Five hundred and one sera collected randomly were screened by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay for antibody to group specific influenza A nucleoprotein. One hundred and eight sera obtained from five H5N1 infected poultry farms were also concurrently screened. Reactive sera were further analysed by Hemagglutinin Inhibition (HI) test against H5 antigen using 1% suspension of pooled washed chicken red blood cells. Only 8 out of 501 sera (1.6%) had evidence of influenza A antibody. All of the 8 samples were from one farm with 20 samples collected representing 40% seroconversion at farm level. Three out of those sera were positive for H5 at HI titer of 3log2. All other sera including those obtained from HPAI infected farms were negative for influenza antibody. This study confirms limited antibody response to avian influenza  subtype H5 most likely due to vaccination in one commercial flock. Vaccination against avian influenza by farmers desperate to protect their investments may lead to unregulated and suboptimal application of vaccines requiring farmers’ and stakeholders’ engagement to forestall negative impact. Keywords: Avian influenza; Control measures; Recurrent outbreaks; Vaccination status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document