scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL MATURITY OF BRAIN AND READINESS OF CHILDREN FOR SYSTEMATIC LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantins Pudovskis ◽  
Nelli Tolmacha
Keyword(s):  
Functional Maturity

Differential maturation of beta-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the lamb fetus

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. R794-R798 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Rawashdeh ◽  
J. C. Rose ◽  
N. D. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Beta Receptor

To study the functional maturity of beta-receptor-mediated responses, seven chronically catheterized lamb fetuses, 93-107 days of gestation, and seven fetuses, 116-134 days of gestation, received intravenous randomly sequenced infusions of isoproterenol (ISO) 0.03, 0.06, and 0.125 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 10 min separated by 45-min intervals or two saline infusions followed by 0.125 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 ISO after treatment with 0.5 mg/kg propranolol (PRO). Each fetus received the two treatments 24-48 h apart. In immature fetuses, plasma renin activity (PRA) of 2.0 +/- 0.7 ng.ml-1.h-1 did not change with either protocol. In mature fetuses, PRA of 7.5 +/- 2.5 ng.ml-1.h-1 increased two- to three-fold after the infusion of the highest two doses of ISO (P less than 0.003). Propranolol blocked this response. No significant changes were observed after the infusions of the lowest dose of ISO or saline. Both groups showed significant heart rate increases with all doses of ISO. Propranolol injection decreased heart rate significantly and blocked responses to ISO. We conclude that although a cardiac beta-receptor-mediated response is present by 93 days of gestation in the lamb fetus, a renal beta-receptor-mediated response, renin secretion, is absent.

Evaluation of functional maturity for a network information service - design and case analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Lakshmana Kumar Ramasamy ◽  
Mohammad Al Rawajbeh ◽  
Vladimir I. Sayenko ◽  
Fadi Al Turjman ◽  
Issam Hamad Alhadid
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Network Information

scholarly journals New estimates and complications in the assessment of female functional maturity for the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) on the Yorkshire Coast (UK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Michael Wood
Keyword(s):  
Functional Maturity ◽  
European Lobster ◽  
Homarus Gammarus

New estimates of female Homarus gammarus functional maturity were developed from targeted offshore and quayside based industry surveys in the Yorkshire Coast fishery. Offshore surveys also provided the first stock specific quantification of pre-recruit contributions. A contrast in results identified a new complication in estimating functional maturity attributed to ‘soft’ animal exploitation which is reviewed and assessed.

scholarly journals The Selective Loss of Purkinje Cells Induces Specific Peripheral Immune Alterations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos del Pilar ◽  
Rafael Lebrón-Galán ◽  
Ester Pérez-Martín ◽  
Laura Pérez-Revuelta ◽  
Carmelo Antonio Ávila-Zarza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Peripheral Immune Cells

The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is reciprocally associated with impairments in peripheral immune responses. We investigated different contexts of selective neurodegeneration to identify specific alterations of peripheral immune cells and, at the same time, discover potential biomarkers associated to this pathological condition. Consequently, a model of human cerebellar degeneration and ataxia -the Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) mouse- has been employed, as it allows the study of different processes of selective neuronal death in the same animal, i.e., Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Infiltrated leukocytes were studied in both brain areas and compared with those from other standardized neuroinflammatory models obtained by administering either gamma radiation or lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, both myeloid and lymphoid splenic populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on markers of functional maturity and antigen presentation. The severity and type of neural damage and inflammation affected immune cell infiltration. Leukocytes were more numerous in the cerebellum of PCD mice, being located predominantly within those cerebellar layers mostly affected by neurodegeneration, in a completely different manner than the typical models of induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, the milder degeneration of the olfactory bulb did not foster leukocyte attraction. Concerning the splenic analysis, in PCD mice we found: (1) a decreased percentage of several myeloid cell subsets, and (2) a reduced mean fluorescence intensity in those myeloid markers related to both antigen presentation and functional maturity. In conclusion, the selective degeneration of Purkinje cells triggers a specific effect on peripheral immune cells, fostering both attraction and functional changes. This fact endorses the employment of peripheral immune cell populations as concrete biomarkers for monitoring different neuronal death processes.

The reproductive cycle and size at maturity observed in Cancer pagurus in the Shetland Islands, Scotland

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly M.L. Tallack
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Size At Maturity ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
Cancer Pagurus

Seasonality of the reproductive cycle for Cancer pagurus was determined using three biological indicators: extruding sperm plugs (mating period), extrusion of eggs (spawning period) and presence of empty egg capsules (hatching period). Sperm plugs were found only in recently moulted females, indicating that mating coincides with moulting periods. Cancer pagurus mating indicators were observed during the summer months and into autumn; spawning occurred in winter, and broods were hatching throughout the summer into early autumn. Size at maturity, was assessed using a variety of reproductive and morphometric criteria; estimates from reproductive criteria are generally larger than those from morphometric criteria and these differences are often indicative of ‘functional’ vs ‘behavioural’ maturity. In C. pagurus, size at maturity estimates ranged from 101.6–125.0 mm carapace width (CW) in males and 110.7–147.3 mm CW in females; the sizes at functional maturity proposed are larger than those from morphometric indicators.

Evaluation of functional maturity for a network information service - design and case analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al Rawajbeh ◽  
Vladimir I. Sayenko ◽  
Issam Hamad Alhadid ◽  
Fadi Al Turjman ◽  
Lakshmana Kumar Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Network Information

The influence of maternal ethnicity on neonatal respiratory outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Georgina Cox ◽  
Shagun Narula ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
Shavi Fernando ◽  
Euan Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Functional Maturity ◽  
Respiratory Outcome ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Birth Records ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

ObjectiveHigher rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality at term combined with earlier spontaneous delivery have led to the hypothesis that babies born to South Asian born (SA-born) women may mature earlier and/or their placental function decreases earlier than babies born to Australian and New Zealand born (Aus/NZ-born) women. Whether babies born to SA-born women do better in the preterm period, however, has yet to be evaluated. In this study we investigated respiratory outcomes, indicative of functional maturity, of preterm babies born to SA-born women compared with those of Aus/NZ-born women to explore this hypothesis further.Study design and settingThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at Monash Health.PatientsData were collected from neonatal and birth records of moderate-late preterm (32–36 weeks) infants born between 2012 and 2015 to SA-born and Aus/NZ-born women.Outcome measuresRates of nursery admissions and neonatal respiratory outcomes were compared.ResultsBabies born to Aus/NZ-born women were more likely to be admitted to a nursery (80%) compared with SA-born babies (72%, p=0.004). Babies born to SA-born mothers experienced significantly less hyaline membrane disease (7.8%), required less resuscitation at birth (28.6%) and were less likely to require ventilation (20%) than babies born to Aus/NZ-born mothers (18%, 42.2%, 34.6%; p<0.001). There was no difference in the duration of ventilation or length of stay in hospital.ConclusionsModerate-late preterm babies born to SA-born women appear to have earlier functional maturity, as indicated by respiratory outcomes, than Aus/NZ-born babies. Our findings support the hypothesis of earlier fetal maturation in SA-born women.

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