Evaluation of Latent Tuberculosis Prevalence in Chronic Psychotic In-patients

The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in a cohort of nurses new to a London hospital was 7.6% (13 of 171), using an interferon-γ(IFN-γ) release assay, and 16.2% (24 of 148), using the tuberculin skin test. On multivariate analysis, birth in a country with tuberculosis prevalence of more than 40 cases per 100,000 population was associated with positive results of both the IFN-γ release assay and the tuberculin skin test.

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Active and latent tuberculosis among refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.17241/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Raquel Proenca ◽

Fernanda Mattos Souza ◽

Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽

Rosangela Caetano ◽

Jose Ueleres Braga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Forced Migration ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽

Tuberculosis Prevalence

Abstract Background: In 2017, there were 68.5 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Tuberculosis prevalence in the country of origin and adverse conditions endured during their journey may increase their risk for tuberculosis. Objective: We summarized the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection among refugees and asylum seekers through a literature systematic review and meta-analysis by country of origin. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group analysis was performed according to country of origin and host continent. Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified papers were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1-2%] and 37% (95% CI=23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (I 2 =98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential. Key words: Forced migration. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection. Prevalence. Global health.

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Tuberculosis Prevalence Correlation to COVID-19 Mortality in Malaria Free Countries

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1138806/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tareef Fadhil Raham

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Confounding Factor ◽

Latent Tuberculosis ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Malaria Endemicity ◽

Mann Whitney Test ◽

Kendall’S Τ ◽

Positive Significant Correlation ◽

Tuberculosis Prevalence

Abstract Background: Both malaria and latent tuberculosis ( LTB) are possible factors related to decreased COVID-19 mortality. The malaria endemicity variable is a possible confounder when conducting a study on the correlation of LTB prevalence to COVID-19 mortality. Studies regarding LTB prevalence" according to different studies" did not adjust malaria endemicity as a possible confounder. Many malaria-endemic countries are high TB prevalent. Malaria-free countries could be: high, moderate, or low in TB prevalence. The main aim of this study is to look for the influence of TB prevalence on COVID-19 mortality. TB prevalence reflects LTB prevalence in the absence of malaria endemicity as a possible confounding factor in TB studies. Material and methods: The total chosen countries were 69 non-malaria endemic countries. Countries were classified according to TB prevalence groups into low, moderate, and high prevalent groups. Covid-19 deaths/Million(M) inhabitants were taken as reported on September 2, 2020. "Kendall's-τ Correlation Coefficient", "Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test were used in statistical analyses.Results: We found inverse relationships between TB prevalence and COVID-19 deaths/ (M) inhabitants and a highly positive significant correlation coefficient was reported (0.008) in Kendall's-τ correlation coefficient test. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant relationship within studied groups. Furthermore, the low TB prevalent group had significant reverse associations with both high and moderate TB prevalent groups in the Mann-Whitney test.Conclusion: In the absence of possible malaria confounding, TB prevalence in malaria-free countries is inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a highly significant association.

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