scholarly journals Variation in Leaf Morphology of Sago Trees (Metroxylon sagu) in South Borneo Province, Indonesia.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Hasan Basri Arif Rahman ◽  
Mochamad Hasjim Bintoro ◽  
Supijatno Supijatno
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
White Stripe ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Leaf Variation ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Roofing Materials

Natural populations of sago (Metroxylon sagu) in Indonesia show morphological variations in its organs, particularly the leaves. The existing variations resulted in sago type names provided by the locals. The sago plant types include Mahang, Buntal, Salak, Madang and Gandut. Sago leaves are economically important in Indonesia, mainly because they provide a potentially profitable and environment-friendly source of house roofing materials. Determining leaf variation among sago plants would provide information for a better way of choosing which among the current accessions/varieties of sago has the best leaf quality and production. Leaf variations in sago were recorded in shape, size, and color. The aim of this study are a) to compare differences in leaf morphology among sago types obtained from different geographic areas, and b) to determine whether these different sago types correspond to certain sago plant grouping. The qualitative and quantitative analysis showed variations in leaf characteristics of sago trees. Additionally, this study shows that based on leaf variations, the sago of South Borneo Province can be separated into two groups. The first group is Mahang and Gandut, which have long rachis, leaflets and leaves, and largest leaf area. The second group composed of Buntal, Salak and Madang accessions, which have short rachis and leaves, and smallest leaf area. Other results showed that there were characters that contributed significantly to the diversity of sago plants in the study area including spines, white stripe or banding on the rachis and petiole length. In line with our results, Mahang and Gandut accessions are the best accessions to be cultivated in the area, because they have wider leaves which support higher rates of photosynthesis. Further study should be conducted on phylogenetic using DNA sequencing to confirm divisions of the two sago groups.    

scholarly journals Variability in leaf and crown morphology correlated with light availability in five natural populations of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babaei Fariba ◽  
Jalali Seyed Gholamali ◽  
Sohrabi Hormoz ◽  
Shirvany Anoshirvan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Crown Morphology

In this study, we investigate seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey, from five different provenances for the research on leaf and crown morphological variations in relation to a light gradient under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The results show that significant variations occurred in many parameters due to the effects of light availability. The seedling responses to low light include the proportional allocation of more biomass to leaves, leading to higher leaf mass, leaf area, crown area, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio, in contrast, the seedlings grown in high irradiance faced a high temperature resulting in higher transpiration. At this period, seedlings alter their leaf and crown size to prevent overheating. In this experiment, in spite of the same treatments in controlled conditions in a greenhouse, the seedlings from different provenances indicate different responses to light levels. It seems that the seedlings try to maximize their surface area for the intake of light as the most limiting resource in wet provenances. Such responses under the same treatment are adaptive strategies which allow oak seedlings to have the best function under stressed conditions. For Q. castaneifolia as a species with broad fundamental niches in Hyrcanian forests, these variations may be achieved by a combination of genotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity.

Within- and among-tree variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. natural populations

Trees ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Bruschi ◽  
Paolo Grossoni ◽  
Filippo Bussotti
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Quercus Petraea

scholarly journals Females and hermaphrodites of the gynodioecious Geranium maculatum respond similarly to soil nutrient availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Putney ◽  
Mavis Wolf ◽  
Chase Mason ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growth And Allocation

AbstractSexual dimorphism in plant growth and/or reproductive responses to the surrounding environment has been documented in some plant species. In gynodioecious plants, it is especially important to understand whether females and hermaphrodites differ in their response to environmental stressors, as the fitness of females relative to hermaphrodites determines the extent to which these separate sexes are maintained in natural populations. Soil nutrient availability is of particular importance given the different nutrient requirements of male and female sexual functions in plants. Here, we evaluated and compared the growth of females and hermaphrodites of Geranium maculatum in response to varying levels of nutrients. Using a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the overall nutrient, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in the soil and measured growth, allocation, and leaf quality responses in both females and hermaphrodites. We found that sexes responded similarly in their growth and allocation responses to nutrient availability, albeit evidence that female leaf chlorophyll content may have increased more than that of hermaphrodites across soil nitrogen levels. Our findings demonstrate that hermaphrodites differ from females in terms of their physiological response to varying nutrient levels, however these physiological differences did not translate into meaningful growth or reproduction differences.

scholarly journals Impacto del ozono troposférico sobre la anatomía foliar de Abies pinsapo Boiss. I.: Estudio de la distribución de daños

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 175-188
Author(s):  
David Lázaro-Gimeno ◽  
Ana M. Ibars
Keyword(s):  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Open Top Chambers ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Abies Pinsapo ◽  
Anatomía Foliar

RESUMEN. Impacto del ozono troposférico sobre la anatomía foliar de Abies pinsapo Boiss. I: Estudio de la distribución de daños. Con el fin de elaborar unos criterios unificados para la evaluación del impacto del ozono troposférico y compararlos con la respuesta de las poblaciones naturales de Sierra Bermeja y Sierra de las Nieves, se han reproducido en cámaras Open Top, ambientes filtrados y enriquecidos con ozono para realizar una caracterización microscópica del daño que produce el ozono troposférico sobre Abies pinsapo Boiss. Los resultados demuestran que pese a que la morfología foliar permanece inalterada tras someter durante un mes en condiciones de 30 ppb durante 8 horas al día, a nivel tisular se han producido daños de consideración que afectan de este endemismo.Palabras clave. Anatomía, Abies pinsapo, ozono, cámaras Open Top.ABSTRACT. Tropospheric ozone injury on the foliar anatomy of Abies pinsapo Boiss. I: Study of damage distribution. With the aim of develop unified criteria to evaluate the tropospheric ozone injury and compare with responses in Abies pinsapo Boiss. in natural populations in Sierra Bermeja and Sierra de las Nieves, it has been reproduced in Open Top Chambers conditions of filtered air and addition of controlled amounts of ozone. Results show that despite leaf morphology remains unaltered after a treatment with 30 ppb 8 hours per day, at tissue level there have been injuries that affect this endemism.Key words. Anatomy, Abies pinsapo, ozone, Open Top chambers.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SEVERAL INDONESIAN POPULATIONS OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Imron Imron ◽  
Iskandariah Iskandariah ◽  
Bambang Iswanto ◽  
Raden Roro Sri Puji Sinarni Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn

Patterns in morphological variability have been the main basis for conventional genetic improvement program, particularly in selective breeding. Proper understanding on these patterns hence, is of crucial prerequisite before any scheme of breeding program is undertaken. This study was aimed to explore those morphological variations with emphasis on the assessment of among-population and among-trait variations and assessment of predictive traits that may serve for inter-population differentiation. A total 281 individuals representing four natural populations (Asahan, Ogan, Barito, and Ciasem) and one domesticated stock (GIMacro) were sampled and analyzed for variability in thirteen morphological traits. While descriptive analyses were applied to analyze both among-stock and among-trait variations, discriminant function analysis was used to search for the best traits for interpopulation differentiation. The relative variability, expressed in the coefficient of variation (CV), was used to compare the amount and patterns of morphometric variability both among traits and between stocks. Results showed that total body weight was the most variable trait while the length and meristic traits were of lower level. Discriminant analysis found that rostrum length and abdoment length to be the best morphological discriminators among intraspecific populations. However, the continuous natures of these traits make them have limited applicability for intraspecific population differentiation.

scholarly journals Effects of chlorine and potassium mineral nutrition on the leaf morphology of the PB 121 hybrid coconut palm (Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall)

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
I. Mialet-Serra ◽  
X. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
West African ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
Frond Length

The effects of chlorine and potassium on the leaf morphology of 6-year-old PB 121 hybrid coconut palms were studied in 1995 and 1996 in southern Lampung (South Sumatra, Indonesia). The parameters considered were frond and leaflet size (length, maximum width, area) and their number. Chlorine and potassium had an exclusive effect on leaflet size, increasing their area. Potassium primarily affected petiole length, hence total frond length. Synergy between these two ions only occurred for the number of leaflets. Chlorine and potassium acted independently on stem diameter and synergistically on height. Coconut palms receiving potassium or chlorine had significantly more voluminous leaf crowns. As time went by, this phenomenon increased despite constant monthly leaf emission. In a situation of equilibrium, the much larger mean crown area and leaf area index of coconuts receiving chlorine and potassium augured well for an earlier start to bearing and higher nut yields.

scholarly journals Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Destinugrainy KASI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Embryo Size ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Average Size

Summary In vitro culture of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on an agar-solidified medium consists of somatic embryos of different sizes, colors, and developmental stages.  One gram of mostly globular somatic embryos were cultured on a solid medium to observe their morphological variations with respect to embryo size, color, and developmental stage over one passage of six weeks culture.  The medium was a modified-MS medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing   0.01 mg/L ABA and 2 mg/L kinetin.  At the end of culture passage, fresh weight of embryo increased by 2.3 folds.  The embryo numbers increased by more than two times indicating the formation of secondary embryos.  The average size of sago somatic embryos did not change significantly over the culture period; however, the embryo size was already highly varied at the start and increased gradually as the embryo developed.  At the initial of culture,   33.7 % of the embryos were yellowish, 64.1 % were greenish, and 2.2% were reddish.  By the end of the culture the composition of yellowish embryos increased to 51.2 %, greenish embryo decreased to 42.5 % and red embryos increased to 6.3 %.  At the initial culture, 61 % of the embryos were at the globular, 9 % at heart-shape and 30 % at torpedo stage.  Generally globular embryos developed into later-stage embryos as the culture progressed, although almost 56% of the embryos remained at the globular stage after the sixth week.Ringkasan Kultur in vitro sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embrio somatik dalam berbagai ukuran, warna, dan fase perkembangan.  Satu gram embrio somatik yang sebagian besar dalam fase globuler dikulturkan pada medium padat untuk mengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam hal ukuran, warna dan fase perkembangan dalam satu periode kultur enam minggu.  Medium kultur adalah MS modifikasi dengan setengah hara makro serta penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh ABA 0,01 mg/L dan kinetin 2 mg/L.  Pada akhir masa kultur bobot embrio segar meningkat 2,3 kali dibandingkan awal masa kultur.  Jumlah embrio juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar lebih dari dua kali yang menunjukkan adanya pembentukan embrio somatik sekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio tidak berubah secara signifikan selama masa kultur akan tetapi ukuran embrio telah sangat beragam pada awal kultur dan terus meningkat hingga akhir kultur. Warna embrio mengalami perubahan selama periode kultur.  Pada awal kultur dijumpai 33,7 % embrio berwarna kuning, 64,1 % embrio hijau, dan 2,2 % embrio merah.  Pada akhir kultur presentase embrio kuning meningkat menjadi 51,2 %, embrio hijau menjadi 42,5 %, dan embrio merah 6,3 %.  Pada awal kultur, dijumpai 61 % embrio pada fase globuler, 9 % fase bentuk-hati dan 30 % fase torpedo.  Umumnya embrio globuler berkembang menjadi embrio fase lanjut selama kultur berlangsung, namun 56 % embrio masih tetap dalam fase globuler pada minggu keenam.

scholarly journals Keragaman morfologi selama perkembangan embrio somatik sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Morphological variations during the development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Destinugrainy KASI ◽  
. SUMARYONO
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Embryo Size ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Average Size

Summary In vitro culture of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) on an agar-solidified medium consists of somatic embryos of different sizes, colors, and developmental stages.  One gram of mostly globular somatic embryos were cultured on a solid medium to observe their morphological variations with respect to embryo size, color, and developmental stage over one passage of six weeks culture.  The medium was a modified-MS medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing   0.01 mg/L ABA and 2 mg/L kinetin.  At the end of culture passage, fresh weight of embryo increased by 2.3 folds.  The embryo numbers increased by more than two times indicating the formation of secondary embryos.  The average size of sago somatic embryos did not change significantly over the culture period; however, the embryo size was already highly varied at the start and increased gradually as the embryo developed.  At the initial of culture,   33.7 % of the embryos were yellowish, 64.1 % were greenish, and 2.2% were reddish.  By the end of the culture the composition of yellowish embryos increased to 51.2 %, greenish embryo decreased to 42.5 % and red embryos increased to 6.3 %.  At the initial culture, 61 % of the embryos were at the globular, 9 % at heart-shape and 30 % at torpedo stage.  Generally globular embryos developed into later-stage embryos as the culture progressed, although almost 56% of the embryos remained at the globular stage after the sixth week.Ringkasan Kultur in vitro sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) pada medium padat terdiri dari embrio somatik dalam berbagai ukuran, warna, dan fase perkembangan.  Satu gram embrio somatik yang sebagian besar dalam fase globuler dikulturkan pada medium padat untuk mengamati keragaman morfologi embrio dalam hal ukuran, warna dan fase perkembangan dalam satu periode kultur enam minggu.  Medium kultur adalah MS modifikasi dengan setengah hara makro serta penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh ABA 0,01 mg/L dan kinetin 2 mg/L.  Pada akhir masa kultur bobot embrio segar meningkat 2,3 kali dibandingkan awal masa kultur.  Jumlah embrio juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar lebih dari dua kali yang menunjukkan adanya pembentukan embrio somatik sekunder. Ukuran rata-rata embrio tidak berubah secara signifikan selama masa kultur akan tetapi ukuran embrio telah sangat beragam pada awal kultur dan terus meningkat hingga akhir kultur. Warna embrio mengalami perubahan selama periode kultur.  Pada awal kultur dijumpai 33,7 % embrio berwarna kuning, 64,1 % embrio hijau, dan 2,2 % embrio merah.  Pada akhir kultur presentase embrio kuning meningkat menjadi 51,2 %, embrio hijau menjadi 42,5 %, dan embrio merah 6,3 %.  Pada awal kultur, dijumpai 61 % embrio pada fase globuler, 9 % fase bentuk-hati dan 30 % fase torpedo.  Umumnya embrio globuler berkembang menjadi embrio fase lanjut selama kultur berlangsung, namun 56 % embrio masih tetap dalam fase globuler pada minggu keenam.

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