scholarly journals Evaluation of the Extracellular Proteome Profile During the Somatic Embryogenesis Process of Coffea spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Gabriel Mukul-López ◽  
Clelia De-la-Peña ◽  
Rosa María Galaz-Ávalos ◽  
Víctor Manuel Loyola-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Extracellular Proteome ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
The Media ◽  
Proteome Profile

The somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been used as an important tool for the study of molecular events in plant cell differentiation. Some studies have revealed that suspensions of somatic embryos secrete a vast array of proteins that could be involved in the regulation of this process. Many of these molecules have been suggested to work as inductors and others as inhibitors of the process. In the present work, suspension cultures of both <em>Coffea canephora</em> and <em>Coffea arabica</em> were used to study the population of proteins secreted into the media. Two types of cultures were used; one for the propagation of suspension cultures (non-embryogenic) and another for the induction of SE (embryogenic). The evaluated days were 14 and 42 for non-embryogenic condition and 21, 42, and 98 for the embryogenic condition. An embryogenic system was established in the <em>C. arabica</em> species, obtaining 4,000 embryos per liter. We analyzed the proteins secreted into the culture media, both under non-embryogenic and SE induction conditions. In <em>C. canephora</em> medium, we found 173 proteins after 14 d of culture under non-embryogenic conditions. In <em>C. arabica</em> we found 523 after 14 d under non-embryogenic conditions. Under embryogenic conditions we found 379, 409 and 175 proteins after 21, 42 and 98 d, respectively. We also determined that some proteins are secreted exclusively under embryogenic conditions and others proteins under non-embryogenic conditions.

scholarly journals Bioproduction of Diosgenin in Callus Cultures of Balanites aegyptiaca: Effect of Growth Regulators, Explants and Somatic Embryogenesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Chapagain ◽  
Vinod Saharan ◽  
Dan Pelah ◽  
Ram C. Yadav ◽  
Zeev Wiesman
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Basal Media

This study describes the effects of plant growth regulators, explants, and somatic embryogenesis on in vitro production of the steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin, in callus cultures of the Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(desert date). Root, shoot, hypocotyl, and epicotyl callus culture of B. aegyptiaca, were raised on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of either 2,4-D and NAA alone, or with BAP. The diosgenin content (on a dry weight basis) was found to be highest when calli were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. However, the callus growth was highest in media supplemented with 2.5 or 3.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.5 mg l−1 alone and in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP induced pre-embryogenic callus formation on root cultures. When these pre-embryogenic callus cultures were used to establish cell suspension cultures, two growth densities were obtained in embryogenic suspension cultures, inducing clusters of somatic embryos at various stages of development. The maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained at the fifth week on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. However, the diosgenin content in these somatic cells was found to be lower compared to the explant calluses. This study revealed that production of diosgenin in callus cultures of B. aegyptiaca is possible, but the amount is significantly affected by the growth regulators, type of explants, and somatic embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis somatik langsung dan regenerasi planlet kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) dari berbagai eksplan Direct somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of arabica coffee plantlets (Coffea arabica) from different explants

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fetrina OKTAVIA ◽  
. SWANTO ◽  
Asmini BUDIANI
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Primary Somatic Embryos

SummaryTissue culture technique for arabica coffeefaces some problems, mainly in plantletsregeneration from cultured explants. Theobjectives of this experiment were to examine theeffect 2,4-D and 2-ip combinations on somaticembryogenesis and regeneration of arabicacoffee from several different explants. Basalmedium used in this experiment was MS mediumwith ½ concentration of macro and micro salts.Experiment to induce primary somatic embryos(SE) was arranged in factorial randomizedcomplete design with 10 repeats. The first factorwas the type of explants, leaf, epicotyl, hipocotyland root explants. The second factor was plantgrowth regulator i.e. combination of 1  M 2,4-Dwith 5, 10, 15, 20  M and combination of 5  M2,4-D with 5, 10, 15 and 20  M 2-ip. To multiplySE, secondary SE was induced from primary SEon medium containing combination of 0.6  MIAA and 13.3; 17.8 and 22.2  M BAP.Cotyledonary SE were germinated on mediacontaining GA 3 (0, 5, 10 and 15  M), and thenregenerated on medium free of growth regulator.Plantlets with 4-5 leaf pairs were transfered intothe soil medium for acclimatization. The resultsshow that primary SE can be induced from allexplants with the highest frequency on mediumcontaining 1  M 2,4-D and 15  M 2-ip.Induction of primary SE, in leaf explant wasmore effective than other explants. Mediumcontaining 0.6  M IAA and 22.2  M BAP gavethe highest percentage of SE multiplication i.e.52.6% with average SE number of 6.25. Plantletsregeneration can be conducted by culturing SEon maturation medium free of growth regulatorfor one month followed by germinating onmedium containing GA 3 , and then culturing onmedium free of growth regulator again. Thehighest percentage of germinated embryos wasobtained after three weeks and six weekscultured in the medium containing 5  M GA 3 , i.e49% and 90.15 respectively. From total plantletsobtained, 75% of them were normal. Sixtypercents of the young plants grew well in thegreenhouse.RingkasanTeknik kultur jaringan tanaman kopi arabikamasih menghadapi beberapa kendala terutamapada tingkat regenerasi planlet dari eksplan yangdikulturkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh kombinasi 2,4-D dan 2-ipterhadap embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasikopi arabika dari berbagai eksplan. Media dasaryang digunakan adalah medium MS ½konsentrasi garam makro dan mikro. Percobaaninduksi embrio somatik (ES) primer disusunmenurut rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan10 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis eksplan,erdiri atas daun, epikotil, hipokotil dan akar invitro. Faktor kedua adalah zat pengatur tumbuh,yaitu kombinasi 1 M 2,4-D dengan 5, 10, 15dan 20M 2-ip, serta kombinasi 5 M 2,4-Ddengan 5, 10, 15 dan 20 M 2-ip. Untuk mem-perbanyak jumlah ES yang didapatkan, dilakukaninduksi ES sekunder dari ES primer pada mediumyang mengandung kombinasi 0,6 M IAA dan13,3; 17,8 dan 22,2 M BAP. ES fase kotiledonkemudian dikecambahkan pada medium yangmengandung GA 3 (0, 5, 10 dan 15 M) danselanjutnya diregenerasikan pada medium tanpazat pengatur tumbuh. Planlet yang mempunyai4-5 pasang daun dipindahkan ke medium tanahuntuk aklimatisasi. Hasil yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa ES primer dapat diinduksipada semua eksplan yang digunakan denganfrekuensi tertinggi pada medium yang me-ngandung 1 M 2,4-D dan 15 M 2-ip. InduksiES primer pada eksplan daun lebih efektifdibandingkan eksplan lainnya. Untuk per-banyakan ES, medium yang mengandung IAA0,6 M dan BAP 22,2 M memberikanpersentase tertinggi pembentukan ES sekunderyaitu 52,6% dengan rata-rata jumlah ES 6,25.Regenerasi planlet dapat dilakukan denganmengkulturkan ES pada medium maturasi tanpazat pengatur tumbuh selama satu bulan, kemudiandikecambahkan dalam medium yang mengan-dung GA 3 , dan selanjutnya dipindah ke mediumtanpa zat pengatur tumbuh kembali.Perkecambahan ES tertinggi diperoleh padamedium dengan penambahan GA 3 5 M yaitu40,9% setelah tiga minggu dan 90,1% setelahenam minggu. Dari total planlet diperoleh 75%planlet normal. Hasil aklimatisasi menunjukkanbahwa 60% bibit mampu bertahan di rumah kaca.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryos Derived from Cotyledons of Cucumber

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Cade ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two studies were conducted to test the effects of various tissue culture media on somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The two best media for embryo initiation were Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins containing either 1 or 2 mg 2,4-D/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter. In the second study, embryos developed more normally. More plantlets developed when tissue was removed from the initiation medium after 3 weeks and transferred to MS containing 1 mg NAA/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter for 3 weeks, rather than leaving the embryos on a medium containing 2,4-D. Histological evidence indicated that the embryos were multicellular in origin. Charcoal in the maturation medium inhibited embryo development. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from calli derived from leaf bases of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H Al Gabbiesh ◽  
M Ghabeish ◽  
I H ◽  
M Kleinwächter ◽  
D Selmar
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Culture Technology

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in embryo culture on half MS medium supplemented with NAA (8 mg/l) as the sole plant growth regulator after incubation of the media in the refrigerator at 4°C for two weeks to promote callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in Laurus nobilis. Both embryogenetic calli and somatic embryos were induced in the above selected medium. Embryo growth and development were stimulated by separation of embryos successfully from embryo clusters and transferred onto fresh half MS. Among the selected explants, only leaf bases were found to respond actively to plant regeneration, especially in inducing callus formation and in sustaining faster callus growth. Root formation of regenerated plantlets tended to decrease with time on regeneration media. Overall, 75% of the plantlets derived from the callus survived in the greenhouse; and they all grew to phenotypically normal plants. This procedure will enable the use of regeneration tissue culture technology for germplasm conservation of L. nobilis, a plant of high medicinal and commercial value.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(2): 213-221, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis; A Highly Promising Technique for Conservation of Tecomella Undulata – A Multi-Purpose Tree on the Verge of Extinction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Rastgoo
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tecomella Undulata ◽  
Over Exploitation

Abstract Over-exploitation of trees by increasing human population has put an enormous pressure especially on those species having slow growth and low reproduction rate. Desert teak (Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem) a multipurpose agroforestry tree of arid zone has fallen on the verge of extinction in Iran due to lack of efficient seed reproduction. Inherent low adventitious rooting has caused vegetative mass macro- and micropropagation (organogenesis pathway) of this tree to be unsuccessful. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) pathway by production of bipolar embryo capable of development into a complete plantlet can solve the problem. Hence, a research was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of in vitro regeneration of the tree by SE. Ovary extracted from un-pollinated flower was cultured in the media supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins (CKs). The results showed α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was superior in induction of embryogenic callus (EC). NAA ranging 5.4–21.5 µM could induce the highest ECs which exhibited developing pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and globular somatic embryos. Both CKs, thidiazuron (TDZ) and N6-benzyladenine (BA), though induced good callogenesis at low concentrations but the formed calli were non-embryogenic. Proliferation of NAA–induced ECs revealed that hormone-free medium is the best choice. However, the media containing 40.5 and 54 µM NAA alone could also induce somatic embryos along with callus proliferation. Effort for maturation of the obtained globular, hear-shaped and torpedo embryos did not yield satisfactory results. Low BA-contained medium led to secondary SE. More research is expected to be undertaken to optimize SE in desert teak.

scholarly journals Embriogenesis somatik langsung dan regenerasi planlet kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) dari berbagai eksplan Direct somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of arabica coffee plantlets (Coffea arabica) from different explants

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fetrina OKTAVIA ◽  
. SWANTO ◽  
Asmini BUDIANI
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Primary Somatic Embryos

SummaryTissue culture technique for arabica coffeefaces some problems, mainly in plantletsregeneration from cultured explants. Theobjectives of this experiment were to examine theeffect 2,4-D and 2-ip combinations on somaticembryogenesis and regeneration of arabicacoffee from several different explants. Basalmedium used in this experiment was MS mediumwith ½ concentration of macro and micro salts.Experiment to induce primary somatic embryos(SE) was arranged in factorial randomizedcomplete design with 10 repeats. The first factorwas the type of explants, leaf, epicotyl, hipocotyland root explants. The second factor was plantgrowth regulator i.e. combination of 1  M 2,4-Dwith 5, 10, 15, 20  M and combination of 5  M2,4-D with 5, 10, 15 and 20  M 2-ip. To multiplySE, secondary SE was induced from primary SEon medium containing combination of 0.6  MIAA and 13.3; 17.8 and 22.2  M BAP.Cotyledonary SE were germinated on mediacontaining GA 3 (0, 5, 10 and 15  M), and thenregenerated on medium free of growth regulator.Plantlets with 4-5 leaf pairs were transfered intothe soil medium for acclimatization. The resultsshow that primary SE can be induced from allexplants with the highest frequency on mediumcontaining 1  M 2,4-D and 15  M 2-ip.Induction of primary SE, in leaf explant wasmore effective than other explants. Mediumcontaining 0.6  M IAA and 22.2  M BAP gavethe highest percentage of SE multiplication i.e.52.6% with average SE number of 6.25. Plantletsregeneration can be conducted by culturing SEon maturation medium free of growth regulatorfor one month followed by germinating onmedium containing GA 3 , and then culturing onmedium free of growth regulator again. Thehighest percentage of germinated embryos wasobtained after three weeks and six weekscultured in the medium containing 5  M GA 3 , i.e49% and 90.15 respectively. From total plantletsobtained, 75% of them were normal. Sixtypercents of the young plants grew well in thegreenhouse.RingkasanTeknik kultur jaringan tanaman kopi arabikamasih menghadapi beberapa kendala terutamapada tingkat regenerasi planlet dari eksplan yangdikulturkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui pengaruh kombinasi 2,4-D dan 2-ipterhadap embriogenesis somatik dan regenerasikopi arabika dari berbagai eksplan. Media dasaryang digunakan adalah medium MS ½konsentrasi garam makro dan mikro. Percobaaninduksi embrio somatik (ES) primer disusunmenurut rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan10 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis eksplan,erdiri atas daun, epikotil, hipokotil dan akar invitro. Faktor kedua adalah zat pengatur tumbuh,yaitu kombinasi 1 M 2,4-D dengan 5, 10, 15dan 20M 2-ip, serta kombinasi 5 M 2,4-Ddengan 5, 10, 15 dan 20 M 2-ip. Untuk mem-perbanyak jumlah ES yang didapatkan, dilakukaninduksi ES sekunder dari ES primer pada mediumyang mengandung kombinasi 0,6 M IAA dan13,3; 17,8 dan 22,2 M BAP. ES fase kotiledonkemudian dikecambahkan pada medium yangmengandung GA 3 (0, 5, 10 dan 15 M) danselanjutnya diregenerasikan pada medium tanpazat pengatur tumbuh. Planlet yang mempunyai4-5 pasang daun dipindahkan ke medium tanahuntuk aklimatisasi. Hasil yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa ES primer dapat diinduksipada semua eksplan yang digunakan denganfrekuensi tertinggi pada medium yang me-ngandung 1 M 2,4-D dan 15 M 2-ip. InduksiES primer pada eksplan daun lebih efektifdibandingkan eksplan lainnya. Untuk per-banyakan ES, medium yang mengandung IAA0,6 M dan BAP 22,2 M memberikanpersentase tertinggi pembentukan ES sekunderyaitu 52,6% dengan rata-rata jumlah ES 6,25.Regenerasi planlet dapat dilakukan denganmengkulturkan ES pada medium maturasi tanpazat pengatur tumbuh selama satu bulan, kemudiandikecambahkan dalam medium yang mengan-dung GA 3 , dan selanjutnya dipindah ke mediumtanpa zat pengatur tumbuh kembali.Perkecambahan ES tertinggi diperoleh padamedium dengan penambahan GA 3 5 M yaitu40,9% setelah tiga minggu dan 90,1% setelahenam minggu. Dari total planlet diperoleh 75%planlet normal. Hasil aklimatisasi menunjukkanbahwa 60% bibit mampu bertahan di rumah kaca.

scholarly journals Morphological Variation of Somatic Embryos of Coffea arabica L. During Some Sub-Culture Periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Fitria Ardiyani ◽  
Sulistyani Pancaningtya
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Morphological Measurement ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

One of factors that affects the success of a plant cultivation using somatic embryogenesis method is the formation of somatic embryos from embryogenesis callus. This research aimed to study the effect of sub-culture period on quality and quantity of the somatic embryos of Coffea arabica. This research used explants of somatic embryos of Arabica coffee obtained from the leaves of 2K Andungsari clone. The embryos were taken during embryogenes is callus phase using Murashige-Skoog culture media added with B5 vitamin and auxin hormone (2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) 0.5 mg/L and sitokinin (benzyl amino purin) 1 mg/L. Observation on somatic embryos obtained from the sub-culture period of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks. The parameters observed in this study included quantity and quality of the somatic embryos during each sub-culture period. Observations on quantity of the somatic embryos were conducted based on number of embryos per cluster, while quality was measured from the percentage of normal embryos, histological analysis, and morphological measurement on weight and size of the normal embryos. The result showed that the best quantity of somatic embryos was obtained from the sub-culture period of nine weeks with 18.4 somatic embryos per cluster. The best quality embryos were also obtained in the sub-culture period of nine weeks with the percentage of normal embryos 71.4%. Histological analysis carried out on the somatic embryos obtained from sub-culture of three weeks period showed that the cells of the embryos were formed by living and solid cells which nucleus were clearly seen in the center of the cell, indicating that the embryos were formed by young tissues. Data of morphological parameters showed that normal embryos during the sub-culture period 3 to 15 weeks weighed around 0.23–0.78 mg and length of around 0.18–0.25 cm. The data can be used to predict number of explants and required time to produce certain number of normal embryos

scholarly journals Plant regeneration of southern Adriatic iris by somatic embryogenesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Jevremovic ◽  
Angelina Subotic ◽  
Milana Trifunovic ◽  
Marija Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A simple protocol has been developed for plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis of Southern Adriatic iris (Iris pseudopallida Trinajstic), an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-10 mgL-1) as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenic calli and somatic embryos were induced. Subsequent decrease of 2,4-D in the media promoted formation of somatic embryos. Developed somatic embryos germinated on medium without growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets had diploid chromosome number. Planted plantlets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.

Effect of experimental conditions and genotypic variability on somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bieysse ◽  
A. Gofflot ◽  
N. Michaux-Ferrière
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Embryogenic Cells

The somatic embryogenic potential of leaf explants from greenhouse-grown plants of eight Coffea arabica genotypes was investigated on three different gelose-gelled culture media (Dublin, Pierson, and Yasuda). Four of these genotypes were reactive. Optimal somatic embryogenesis was obtained when the explants were taken from microcutting and cultured on gelrite-gelled Yasuda's medium. Under these culture conditions, somatic embryos and plantlets were obtained in two previously recalcitrant genotypes. The histocytological callus development was found to be identical in responsive or recalcitrant genotypes. Embryogenic cells formed at two successive points during callogenesis and their subsequent development varied according to culture conditions. Cells initiated in 10- to 15-day-old calli either degenerated or developed directly into embryos. Cells initiated in 60-day-old calli became isolated and developed into embryos or their development was arrested. Embryos obtained in these conditions were able to develop into plantlets. Key words: Coffea arabica, genotypic variability, histocytology, in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document