The state of the art of Low-temperature Thermochronology in Brazil

The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening the way towards the fabrication and the read-out of very large arrays of pixels with unprecedented energy resolution. The most challenging low temperature instruments for space- and ground-base experiments will be described.

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New Developments and Future Trends in Low-Temperature Hot Stamping Technologies: A Review

Metals ◽

10.3390/met10121652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1652

Author(s):

Chenpeng Tong ◽

Qi Rong ◽

Victoria A. Yardley ◽

Xuetao Li ◽

Jiaming Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Hot Stamping ◽

The State ◽

Future Trends ◽

New Developments ◽

Stamping Process ◽

Forming Temperature ◽

Further Development

Improvement of the hot stamping process is important for reducing processing costs and improving the productivity and tensile properties of final components. One major approach to this has been to conduct all or part of the process at lower temperatures. The present paper reviews the state of the art of hot stamping techniques and their applications, considering the following aspects: (1) conventional hot stamping and its advanced developments; (2) warm stamping approaches in which complete austenitisation is not attained during heating; (3) hot stamping with a lower forming temperature, i.e., low-temperature hot stamping (LTHS); (4) advanced medium-Mn steels with lower austenitisation temperatures and their applicability in LTHS. Prospects for the further development of LTHS technology and the work required to achieve this are discussed.

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A Review on Bitumen Aging and Rejuvenation Chemistry: Processes, Materials and Analyses

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6523

Author(s):

Emiliano Prosperi ◽

Edoardo Bocci

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

The State ◽

Point Of View ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt

During the last decades, extensive research has been carried out on using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in the production of hot recycled mix asphalt. Unfortunately, the aged, stiff, and brittle binder in the RAP typically increases the mixture stiffness and can therefore cause fatigue and low-temperature damages. In the scientific literature, there are many studies concerning the aging and rejuvenation of bitumen, but there is a lack of up-to-date reviews that bring them together, especially those facing the phenomena from a chemical point of view. In this paper, a recap of the chemical aspects of virgin, aged, and rejuvenated bitumen is proposed in order to provide a useful summary of the state of the art, with the aim of both encouraging the use of an increasing quantity of RAP in hot mix asphalt and trying to give indications for further research.

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Practical Picture Processing

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051700 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 338-339

Author(s):

T. A. Welton

Keyword(s):

Radiation Damage ◽

Coherence Length ◽

Spatial Information ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Coherent Radiation ◽

The State ◽

Energy Spread ◽

Electron Micrograph ◽

Picture Processing ◽

Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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