scholarly journals Tympanic cavity ultraphonophoresis in cases of preserving integrity of tympanic membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Krotov ◽  
◽  
Yu. T. Ignat’ev ◽  
Yu. A. Krotov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Intermediate Medium

One of the most common treatments for the middle ear disorders is the injection of medications into the tympanic cavity through the acoustic meatus. This method has proven itself in treatment of the perforated forms of otitis. In cases of preserving the integrity of the tympanic membrane, its efficacy is arguable due to the impossibility of drug direct penetration via the membrane and contact with the mucous membrane. To increase the permeability of the tympanum, the authors used endaural phonophoresis of drugs. The drug penetration into the tympanum was confirmed by multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the temporal bones before and after contrasted ultraphonophoresis with tissue contrast. A 5% solution of potassium iodide was used as a contrast substance, as well as a solution of dexamethasone, which served as an intermediate medium in patients with external otitis and a chronic secretory otitis media. The mechanism of penetration was associated with the primary accumulation of the drug in the layers of the tympanic and adjacent mucous membranes with further dissemination into the deeper parts of the tympanic cavity. An additional confirmation of this is the reaction of the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity, the mastoid process and the airiness restoration during endaural phonophoresis with dexamethasone. Ultraphonophoresis of drugs through the imperforated eardrum can be used in the conservative treatment of protracted forms of secretory otitis media.

Simulation of Pathological High Impedance Tympanograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel J. Van Camp ◽  
Janet E. Shanks ◽  
Robert H. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
The Relationship

The Vanhuyse, Creten, and Van Camp (1975) model for analyzing high frequency tympanograms predicts the shapes of conductance, susceptance, and admittance tympanograms from the relationship between resistance and reactance tympanograms at the tympanic membrane. This model has been applied primarily to low impedance middle-ear pathologies but has not been applied extensively to the more commonly occurring high impedance pathologies. The purpose of this study was to extend the Vanhuyse et al. (1975) model to high impedance pathologies and to identify tympanometric parameters associated with otosclerosis, secretory otitis media, and lateral ossicular fixation. Data from previous experiments on the shape and absolute values of resistance and reactance tympanograms were used to calculate 678-Hz admittance tympanograms that were unique to each of the three high impedance pathologies. Guidelines for differentiating among the middle-ear pathologies on the basis of high frequency tympanometric shapes are presented.

scholarly journals Study of clinical and demographic profile of patients diagnosed with secretory otitis media

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Ajeet Kumar Khilnani ◽  
Viral Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bilateral Deafness

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong>Secretory Otitis Media (SOM) is a common otological condition in children presenting most commonly with hearing loss. If untreated for long time, it can affect the language development of child. Its causes are multifactorial and treatment depends on the etiology. Various treatment modalities (medical and surgical) are available and they are administered in isolation or in combination. The objectives of the study were the present study was conducted with the objectives of knowing the most common age group affected by SOM, the common etiological factors of SOM and the outcome of various modalities of treatment of SOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong>This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital of North Gujarat. IEC approval and consent from the patients were taken. 40 patients diagnosed with SOM were included in the study and their clinical and demographic details and treatment outcomes were studied.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong>Of the 40 patients, 65% were males. SOM was common in young children. Most of the cases (55%) were below 10 years of age. In 80% of cases SOM was bilateral. Deafness was the most common symptom (95%) with which patients presented with, followed by URTI and pain. All patients had impaired tympanic membrane mobility. Retraction of tympanic membrane was the next common otoscopic finding (85%). Initial management was medical and 18 patients required surgical intervention.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong>SOM is a common ear disorder in children. Initial medical treatment has a definitive role and should be tried in all cases before surgical intervention is contemplated. A variety of surgical procedures are available which can be used depending on the indication. Complete recovery is expected to occur in most of the cases by a period of 3-6 months.</p>

Secretory Otitis Media and Mastoid Pneumatization

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Hussl ◽  
Kunigunde Welzl-Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Mastoid Pneumatization ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
End Results

The objective of this study is to correlate in children with chronic secretory otitis media the extent of pneumatization with morphological and functional end results after therapy. For this purpose we examined 82 children and adolescents (147 ears), who 5 to 8 years previously were treated with insertion of ventilating tubes for chronic secretory otitis media. We evaluated the morphological and functional end results with otomicroscopy, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and stapedial reflex testing. Roentgenograms of the temporal bones in a lateral projection were taken initially in 96 ears and at time of control in 145 ears. We judged the size of the mastoid air cell system by visual estimation and classified the mastoids according to the extent of pneumatization into three groups: large, middle-sized and small (sclerotic). Twenty-five percent of the ears had sclerotic mastoids at time of control. Statistically significant correlations exist between arrested pneumatization (sclerotic mastoids), major morphological changes in the tympanic membranes and unfavorable functional results. Also the correlation between sclerotic mastoids and the number of tube insertions required in the course of the disease is statistically significant. But no correlation can be established between the physical properties of secretions and the extent of pneumatization. Arrest of pneumatization leading to a small mastoid air cell system constitutes an unfavorable prognostic factor for the final outcome of chronic secretory otitis media.

scholarly journals Tympanic membrane changes in experimental acute otitis media and myringotomy

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Alzbutienė ◽  
Ann Hermansson ◽  
Per Cayè-Thomasen ◽  
Vytenis Kinduris
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Tympanic Membranes

Objective. The present experimental study explored pathomorphological changes and calcium depositions in the tympanic membrane during experimental acute otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in myringotomized and nonmyringotomized ears. Material and methods. A rat model of experimental acute otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae was employed. Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Four days following middle ear inoculation, a bilateral myringotomy was performed in six randomly selected animals. Another group of 10 animals was inoculated only. On days 4, 7, 14, and 28 after inoculation, two animals from each group were sacrificed. The temporal bones were removed and the tympanic membranes were dissected, followed by paraffin embedding. Adjacent sections were stained with PAS-alcian blue for basic histopathological observations and by von Kossa method for determination of calcium phosphate depositions. Results. Particularly intense invasion of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes was seen on day 4 after inoculation. The highest infiltration of macrophages was observed on day 7. The peak number of lymphocytes was seen on day 14. No difference occurred in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in myringotomized and nonmyringotomized tympanic membranes. The infiltration with lymphocytes and activated macrophages in all parts of the myringotomized tympanic membranes was statistically significantly higher than in the nonmyringotomized animals. The total amount of interstitial calcium phosphate depositions during days 7, 14, and 28 of study was statistically higher in the sections of pars tensa from myringotomized membranes compared to the nonmyringotomized membranes. Conclusion. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced acute otitis media and myringotomy provoke more extensive inflammatory reaction with microcalcification in the tympanic membranes.

scholarly journals Significance of a notch in the otoacoustic emission stimulus spectrum

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-901
Author(s):  
J Grenner
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Pressure ◽  
Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission

AbstractObjective:To explain a clinical observation: a notch in the stimulus spectrum during transient evoked otoacoustic emission measurement in ears with secretory otitis media.Methods:The effects of tympanic under-pressure were investigated using a pressure chamber. A model of the ear canal was also studied.Results:Tympanic membrane reflectance increased as a consequence of increased stiffness, causing a notch in the stimulus spectrum. In an adult, the notch could be clearly distinguished at an under-pressure of approximately −185 daPa. The sound frequency of the notch corresponded to a wavelength four times the ear canal length. The ear canal of infants was too short to cause a notch within the displayed frequency range. The notch was demonstrated using both Otodynamics and Madsen equipment.Conclusion:A notch in the otoacoustic emission stimulus spectrum can be caused by increased stiffness of the tympanic membrane, raising suspicion of low middle-ear pressure or secretory otitis media. This finding is not applicable to infants.

Pathology of Chronic Otitis Media

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Meyerhoff ◽  
Chong Sun Kim ◽  
Michael M. Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Subdural Abscess ◽  
Temporal Bones

A review of 800 pathological temporal bones collected from autopsy cases revealed 333 (41.6%) to have some type of otitis media; purulent otitis media (52.5%), serous otitis media (6%), mucoid otitis media (4.5%), and chronic otitis media (36.9%). The 123 temporal bones with chronic otitis media were further studied and found to have granulation tissue, cholesteatoma, cholesterin granuloma, bone changes, and fibrosis. Other findings included tympanic membrane perforation, tympanosclerosis, metaplasia of the epithelium with subepithelial glandular formation, suppuration, labyrinthitis, and evidence of complications of chronic otitis media (meningitis, subdural abscess, brain abscess, petrositis, and endolymphatic hydrops). From this study it was concluded: 1) chronic otitis media occurred quite frequently, from a histological standpoint, in the absence of tympanic membrane perforation; 2) granulation tissue in temporal bones was found much more frequently in chronic otitis media than was cholesteatoma; and 3) complications and sequelae of otitis media tended to occur more commonly secondary to granulation tissue than to cholesteatoma.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the tympanic cavity of the cattle and buffalo

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
S. AL Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
New Surgical Technique

The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the tympanic cavity in cattle and buffalo and to be recognize all parts of the tympanic cavity for its clinical purposes. There are general anatomical explanation about the middle ear in anatomy text book, however there are no studies in the literature on the morphology of the tympanic cavity in the buffalo, the region is important clinically as a frequent point of attachment for prostheses. As a recent studies have focused on the reconstruction of defects occurring in these tympanic cavity to aid in the development of new surgical technique. Twelve temporal bones from six heads of adult cattle and buffalo were used, the cavity had been investigated on both sides after dissection them, the features of the cavity were assessed with a measurement done by using digital veirenear calipers and measurement tap and photograph by a stereomicroscope. The result show that the tympanic cavity can be divided into three parts, dorsal (epitympanic recess) middle (proper tympanic cavity) and ventral (tympanic bulla), size communicating freely with each other. Epitympanic recess has handle the head of the malleus ,which embedded in the medial surface of tympanic membrane , the proper tympanic cavity has three ossicles are connected to each other , in buffalo being the most developed and the ossicles of the cattle are relatively small , but the incus is more pronounced. Malleus is intimately fused with the incus, it was therefore not possible to separate the malleus and incus. The proper tympanic cavity has tympanic membrane the membrane can be divided into pars flaccids and pars tensa, in buffalo was more development, large in size and oval in shape, with a darker color and thick, but in cattle was rectangle in shape, with a lighter color and thin comparative with buffalo. The tympanic cavity has two skeletal muscles (stapedius and tensor tympanic muscles), the stapedius muscle is ill developed and the greater part of the tensor tympanic muscle was tendinous in buffalo. The proper tympanic cavity has four opening, the external acoustic meatus, the fenestra ovals, the fenestra rotundum and the Eustachian tube. The first three opening are closed by membrane partitions, the Eustachian tube or the auditory tube is short, and (4-5) cm in length and this can clearly why the tympanic cavity of the animal is easily susptable for infections. The ventral of the tympanic cavity was sieve - like present large number of formation which continues with the air cell of the tympanic bulla, the cell which lie directly ventral to the proper tympanic cavity was communicate with those around the external acoustic meatus and facial canal .

R436 – Association Between Chronic Otitis Media and Otosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P190-P190
Author(s):  
Sebahattin Cureoglu ◽  
Nomiya Rie ◽  
Nomiya Shigenobu ◽  
Schachern Patricia ◽  
Norimasa Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Previous Clinical Study

Problem In a previous clinical study, the incidence of chronic otitis media in cases of otosclerosis was reported to be less than that observed in patients without otosclerosis. Histopathologically, we can detect minimal changes such as histological otosclerosis or silent otitis media which are not detected clinically. The purpose of this study is to reveal the association of otosclerosis and chronic otitis media by evaluating human temporal bones, histopathologically. Methods 1235 human temporal bones were reviewed for this study. In order to match patients with otosclerosis, patients with chronic otitis media were limited to 16 to 92 years of age. The incidence of otosclerosis (clinical otosclerosis, histological otosclerosis) and chronic otitis media, either clinical (tympanic membrane perforation) or silent (without perforation) were analyzed. Results There was no statistically difference between the incidence of chronic otitis media in temporal bones with and without otosclerosis. Conclusion The association of chronic otitis media and otosclerosis appears to be a coincidental. Significance The incidence of chronic otitis media in cases of otosclerosis is not less than that observed in cases of chronic otitis media in cases without otosclerosis. Support International Hearing Foundation, Hubbard Foundation, Starkey Foundation.

OTITIS MEDIA IN THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dixon Coffey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Secretory Otitis Media ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Infants And Children

In this study cultures of middle ear exudate were obtained from 267 cases of otitis media in infants and children. Pneumococci were found in 34.5%, Hemophilus influenzae in 27%, Group A beta hemolytic streptococci in 1.9%, and pneumococci mixed with hemophilus influenzae in 2.8%. Neisseria, probably Neisseria catarrhalis, were grown in pure culture in 5.2%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hemolyticus (coagulase positive), and Escherichia coli were found in isolated cases. The remaining 27.7% were sterile, these usually being from chronic exudative (secretory) otitis media cases. The incidence of Hemophilus influenzae otitis media found in this study is higher than that reported in previous studies. The finding of Neisseria catarrhalis in exudate from otitis media has been reported only by Gronroos, et al., and observation of the organisms in an intracellular state was not reported. Examination of exudate obtained from recurrences or relapses of acute exudative otitis media often reveals a different organism from that found in previous infections; one cannot assume that an apparent relapse is due to the same organism cultured previously. Most cases of otitis media occur in infants who cannot localize their symptoms, and diagnosis requires careful examination of the ears. Adequate bacteriological studies of exudate from the tympanic cavity require uncontaminated specimens which are best obtained with an apparatus using a needle attached to a collecting trap and a source of negative pressure.

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