scholarly journals Underground space development resulting from increased urban migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 046-055
Author(s):  
Samuel T Ariaratnam ◽  
Bahaa Chammout
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Surface Control ◽  
Land Management Planning

Worldwide urbanization has resulted in the creation of so called “megacities” with populations of 10 million or more. It is estimated that 68% of the world’s population will reside in urban centers by the year 2050 up from 55% in 2018 [1]. This pace of urbanization is staggering, especially in China where urban populations have more than doubled over the last 30 years, while urban land extent has more than tripled [2]. Today, urban planners and engineers are faced with challenging decisions regarding land management planning. To manage this population increase, there is a need to cultivate urban underground space to reduce congestion on the surface, control urban sprawl, and provide opportunities to re-purpose land for recreational space. This discussion paper provides a review of several recommended practices for urban underground space development addressing planning, intended function, and environmental sustainability/resiliency.

scholarly journals Information from geophysics for land management planning, Broomehill, Western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Street ◽  
Abbott Simon ◽  
Ladyman Marty ◽  
Anderson-Mayes Ann-Marie
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Land Management Planning

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Chagas' heart disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Marli Valério Wanderley ◽  
Fernando M.A. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chagas Heart Disease

Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. About 16 million persons are affected and 90 million others are exposed to the risk of being infected by the parasite. The knowledge of epidemiological aspects of the disease allowed to delineate the strategies for the control of the disease related with the vectorial transmission. However, these strategies have had no priority in all endemic countries. Rural-urban migration in most endemic areas carried infected individuals to urban centers increasing the problem of Chagas' disease by blood transfusion. In Brazil the control program has reached good results in the last years and in several states the vectorial transmission was controlled. More recently, hemotherapic practices are performed using screening procedures but this practice must be improved in order to eliminate the possibility of Chagas' disease transmission by another ways (congenital, accidental, oral, etc.). An adequate health care to the infected persons must be improved in order to diminish the social costs of the severe cardiopathy which has been responsible for the adults premature deaths.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of the Average Hong Kong Diet: A Case for Adopting Sustainable Diets in Urban Centers

Challenges ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tsz Wing Tang ◽  
Tanja Sobko
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Global Population

As global population growth continues, the rapidly increasing demand for food and the environmental impact of this demand is a growing concern. Most food in Hong Kong is imported, which has implications for the associated environmental footprint. The carbon and water footprints (CF and WF) of the average Hong Kong diet were estimated from available sources and compared to well-accepted sustainable diets to characterize environmental sustainability. The total CF was 5701.90 g CO2-eq per capita/day, and the WF was 4782.31 L per capita/day. While meat products contributed only 22% to the weight, they were responsible for 57% and 53% of the total CF and WF, respectively. The impacts of the Hong Kong diet were greater than those of well-accepted sustainable diets, possibly due to the heavy consumption of meat and the import of foods. This confirms an urgency to increase environmental awareness among Hong Kong’s consumers and make interventions toward the adoption of sustainable, plant-based diets.

scholarly journals Sustaining What Is Unsustainable: A Review of Urban Sprawl and Urban Socio-Environmental Policies in North America and Western Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Bueno-Suárez ◽  
Daniel Coq-Huelva
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Ex Post

Urban sprawl and its economic, social, and environmental consequences are central issues for approaching more sustainable forms of life and production. This review provides a broad theoretical exploration of the main features of urban sprawl but also of sustainable urban policies in Western Europe and North America. Urban sprawl can be observed in both continents, as the search for higher standards of economic, social, and environmental sustainability is also an essential feature of urban governance in the last years. Urban sprawl has been slightly weaker in Western Europe, as its are cities generally more compact. Moreover, in Western Europe, urban sprawl has sometimes been confronted with ex-ante preventive policies. However, in North America, urban sprawl from the 1950s has been an essential element of the social ordering and, thus, of the American way of life. In both cases, urban sprawl has generated successive rounds of accumulation of built capital, which is currently managed in sustainable ways essentially through ex-post and palliative measures, that is, trying to “sustain what is unsustainable”. In other words, the idea is to make urban sprawl more sustainable but without altering its main morphological elements.

Great Basin Land Management Planning Using Ecological Modeling

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A. Forbis ◽  
Louis Provencher ◽  
Leonardo Frid ◽  
Gary Medlyn
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Ecological Modeling ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Land Management Planning

A soft optimization approach to forest land management planning

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bruce Bare ◽  
Guillermo A. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Multiple Objective Linear Programming ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Decision Environment ◽  
Land Management Planning ◽  
Planning Problems

Forest land management planning provides a rich environment for the use of optimization techniques that incorporate multiple criteria and operate within a soft optimization decision environment. Using de novo programming, several approaches for examining planning problems are described where the objective is not simply to optimize a given system, but to design an optimal system. Both single and multiple objective linear programming models are used to illustrate this new approach and several illustrative examples are discussed.

scholarly journals Then Effects of rural-urban migration on economic status of rural residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Thiengtham Keopasith ◽  
Shen Neng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.

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