scholarly journals Epidemiology of Chagas' heart disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalva Marli Valério Wanderley ◽  
Fernando M.A. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chagas Heart Disease

Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. About 16 million persons are affected and 90 million others are exposed to the risk of being infected by the parasite. The knowledge of epidemiological aspects of the disease allowed to delineate the strategies for the control of the disease related with the vectorial transmission. However, these strategies have had no priority in all endemic countries. Rural-urban migration in most endemic areas carried infected individuals to urban centers increasing the problem of Chagas' disease by blood transfusion. In Brazil the control program has reached good results in the last years and in several states the vectorial transmission was controlled. More recently, hemotherapic practices are performed using screening procedures but this practice must be improved in order to eliminate the possibility of Chagas' disease transmission by another ways (congenital, accidental, oral, etc.). An adequate health care to the infected persons must be improved in order to diminish the social costs of the severe cardiopathy which has been responsible for the adults premature deaths.

Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Figuerôa Moreira ◽  
Juliana de Araujo Portes ◽  
Nathalia Florencia Barros Azeredo ◽  
Christiane Fernandes ◽  
Adolfo Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Neglected Tropical Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is the major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide,...

The family of a child with chronic illness and its social relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M H N Souza ◽  
T J Santos ◽  
R N Vasconcellos ◽  
M M Costa ◽  
A S Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The family life of a child with chronic illness is marked by several determinants and demands for care. Within that context, the greater the support received, the greater the resources available to face vulnerability, and to respond positively to guidance and care. Objectives describing the social network of families of children with chronic illness, and understanding the meaning of the relationship of the family caregiver with the members of his/her social network. Methods Qualitative research with nineteen relatives of children with chronic diseases at a rehabilitation center in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The theoretical framework of Sanicola's social network was used. Data were collected in November 2019 by semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the content analysis technique. The research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the participating institutions. The social network map showed the presence of few members and mothers as the main caregivers. The main problems among children were: autism, Down syndrome, cognitive disorders and cerebral palsy. Among the most involved people with the caregivers, friends, sisters and grandparents stood out as the ones who offered material, financial and emotional support. Rehabilitation unit support (secondary level) and dissatisfaction with the primary health unit were mentioned. Conclusions The social network of children with chronic illness is a small family network marked by social vulnerability and the female gender as responsible for care. It is noteworthy that the weakness in the relationship with health professionals at primary care level can compromise care continuity. Therefore, it is recommended to professionals to know the social network of the clientele served, as well as interacting and strengthening this network in order to provide more effective actions for health protection, rehabilitation and supported self-care strategies. Key messages Chronic childhood disease is a major public health problem. Being aware of social network favors the implementation of more actions toward health protection, rehabilitation and supported self-care strategies.

Technologies to Detect Concealed Weapons: Fourth Amendment Limits on a New Public Health and Law Enforcement Tool

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Vernick ◽  
Matthew W. Pierce ◽  
Daniel W. Webster ◽  
Sara B. Johnson ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Places ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
Gun Carrying ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social

Firearm violence is a major public health problem in the United States. In 2000, firearms were used in 10,801 homicides – two-thirds of all homicides in the U.S. – and 533,470 non-fatal criminal victimizations including rapes, robberies, and assaults. The social costs of gun violence in the United States are also staggering, and have been estimated to be on the order of $100 billion per year.Illegal gun carrying, usually concealed, in public places is an important risk factor for firearm-related crime. In the 1980s and 1990s, police departments across the country began to develop and implement strategies to address illegal weapons carrying. Often these strategies have involved aggressive efforts to identify and physically search individuals suspected of illegally carrying a firearm.

scholarly journals The occurrence of synanthropic triatomines in Bahia, Brazil: what changed after 40 years of the vector-control program?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Ribeiro ◽  
Cristiane Medeiros Moraes de Carvalho ◽  
Renato Freitas de Araújo ◽  
Fernanda Cardoso Lanza ◽  
Diego Lopes Paim Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Vector Control Program

Abstract Background: This study presents a descriptive analysis of the occurrence of synanthropic triatomine species in the state of Bahia, before and after the implementation of the vector control program. Methods: Occurrence and number of collected specimens in the municipalities were analyzed in two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971, before systematic vector control actions; and (B) 2006 to 2019, after the certification of interruption of Chagas disease transmission by Triatoma infestans. Results: In total, 17 species were recorded during period A and 21 during period B. Panstrongylus megistus was the most frequent species in period A (42%), while Triatoma pseudomaculata (42%) and T. sordida (38%) were more frequent in period B. In period A, T. infestans was found in 26 (9%) municipalities, and in period B it was found in 7 (2%). During period B, most triatomines (88%) were captured at the peridomestic habitats, with a predominance of T. sordida (85%). Species with greatest relative abundance within the household were T. sordida (49%), T. brasiliensis (27%), and T. pseudomaculata (15%). Conclusions: We have observed a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. High frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and a great abundance of T. sordida in recent years, highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions for Chagas disease.

Epidemiology of Cholera in Bangladesh: Findings From Nationwide Hospital-based Surveillance, 2014–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1635-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraful Islam Khan ◽  
Md Mahbubur Rashid ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
Mokibul Hassan Afrad ◽  
M Salimuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Food History ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite advances in prevention, detection, and treatment, cholera remains a major public health problem in Bangladesh and little is known about cholera outside of limited historical sentinel surveillance sites. In Bangladesh, a comprehensive national cholera control plan is essential, although national data are needed to better understand the magnitude and geographic distribution of cholera. Methods We conducted systematic hospital-based cholera surveillance among diarrhea patients in 22 sites throughout Bangladesh from 2014 to 2018. Stool specimens were collected and tested for Vibrio cholerae by microbiological culture. Participants’ socioeconomic status and clinical, sanitation, and food history were recorded. We used generalized estimating equations to identify the factors associated with cholera among diarrhea patients. Results Among 26 221 diarrhea patients enrolled, 6.2% (n = 1604) cases were V. cholerae O1. The proportion of diarrhea patients positive for cholera in children <5 years was 2.1% and in patients ≥5 years was 9.5%. The proportion of cholera in Dhaka and Chittagong Division was consistently high. We observed biannual seasonal peaks (pre- and postmonsoon) for cholera across the country, with higher cholera positivity during the postmonsoon in western regions and during the pre–monsoon season in eastern regions. Cholera risk increased with age, occupation, and recent history of diarrhea among household members. Conclusions Cholera occurs throughout a large part of Bangladesh. Cholera-prone areas should be prioritized to control the disease by implementation of targeted interventions. These findings can help strengthen the cholera-control program and serve as the basis for future studies for tracking the impact of cholera-control interventions in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Multiple causes of death related to Chagas' disease in Brazil, 1999 to 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo ◽  
Alberto Novaes Ramos Junior ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Causes Of Death ◽  
Conduction Disorders ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Multiple Causes

INTRODUCTION: Chagas' disease is a major public health problem in Brazil and needs extensive and reliable information to support consistent prevention and control actions. This study describes the most common causes of death associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease (underlying or associated cause of death). METHODS: Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (approximately 9 million deaths). We analyzed all deaths that occurred in Brazil between 1999 and 2007, where Chagas' disease was mentioned on the death certificate as underlying or associated cause (multiple causes of death). RESULTS: There was a total of 53,930 deaths related to Chagas' disease, 44,543 (82.6%) as underlying cause and 9,387 (17.4%) as associated cause. The main diseases and conditions associated with death by Chagas' disease as underlying cause included direct complications of cardiac involvement, such as conduction disorders/arrhythmias (41.4%) and heart failure (37.7%). Cerebrovascular disease (13.2%), ischemic heart disease (13.2%) and hypertensive diseases (9.3%) were the main underlying causes of deaths in which Chagas' disease was identified as an associated cause. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases were often associated with deaths related to Chagas' disease. Information from multiple causes of death recorded on death certificates allows reconstruction of the natural history of Chagas' disease and suggests preventive and therapeutic potential measures more adequate and specifics.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Asymptomatic Individuals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Makaba Mvumbi ◽  
Thierry Lengu Bobanga ◽  
Pierrette Melin ◽  
Patrick De Mol ◽  
Jean-Marie Ntumba Kayembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Malaria remains a major public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with 14 million cases reported by the WHO Malaria Report in 2014. Asymptomatic malaria cases are known to be prevalent in endemic areas and are generally untreated, resulting in a significant source of gametocytes that may serve as reservoir of disease transmission. Considering that microscopy certainly underestimates the prevalence of Plasmodium infections within asymptomatic carriers and that PCR assays are currently recognized as the most sensitive methods for Plasmodium identification, this study was conducted to weigh the asymptomatic carriage in DRC by a molecular method. Six provinces were randomly selected for blood collection in which 80 to 100 individuals were included in the study. Five hundred and eighty blood samples were collected and molecular diagnosis was performed. Globally, almost half of the samples collected from asymptomatic individuals (280/580; 48.2%) had Plasmodium infections and the most species identified was P. falciparum alone in combination with P. malariae. The high prevalence reported here should interpellate the bodies involved in malaria control in DR Congo to take into account asymptomatic carriers in actions taken and consider asymptomatic malaria as a major hurdle for malaria elimination.

scholarly journals Effects of an exercise program on the functional capacity of patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease, evaluated by cardiopulmonary testing

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Hargreaves Fialho ◽  
Bernardo Rangel Tura ◽  
Andréa Silvestre de Sousa ◽  
Claudia Rosa de Oliveira ◽  
Carla Cristiane Santos Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Chagas Heart Disease

INTRODUCTION: Despite all efforts to restrict its transmission, Chagas' disease remains a severe public health problem in Latin America, affecting 8-12 million individuals. Chronic Chagas' heart disease, the chief factor in the high mortality rate associated with the illness, affects more than half a million Brazilians. Its evolution may result in severe heart failure associated with loss of functional capacity and quality of life, with important social and medical/labor consequences. Many studies have shown the beneficial effect of regular exercise on cardiac patients, but few of them have focused on chronic Chagas' heart disease. METHODS: This study evaluated the effects of an exercise program on the functional capacity of patients with chronic Chagas' disease who were treated in outpatient clinics at the Evandro Chagas Institute of Clinical Research and the National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The exercises were performed 3 times a week for 1 h (30 min of aerobic activity and 30 min of resistance exercises and extension) over 6 months in 2010. Functional capacity was evaluated by comparing the direct measurement of the O2 uptake volume (VO2) obtained by a cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after the program (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (13 females) were followed, with minimum and maximum ages of 30 and 72 years, respectively. We observed an average increase of VO2peak > 10% (p = 0.01949). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a statistically significant improvement in functional capacity with regular exercise of the right intensity.

scholarly journals Kejadian Kekerasan pada Perempuan Selama Masa Pandemi COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-371
Author(s):  
Winda Ayu Fazraningtyas ◽  
Dini Rahmayani ◽  
Indana Rahmah Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
The Impact

LATAR BELAKANG Kekerasan terhadap perempuan, terutama kekerasan pada pasangan dan kekerasan seksual adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama dan merupakan pelanggaran terhadap hak asasi perempuan. Data yang diterbitkan oleh WHO (2018) menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 1 dari 3 (35%) perempuan di seluruh dunia telah mengalami kekerasan. Hal ini semakin bertambah selama masa pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi hampir di seluruh belahan dunia.  Pembatasan sosial yang dilakukan selama masa pandemi ini berdampak pada perekonomian, membuat ekonomi keluarga terpuruk, dan berimbas pada situasi dan kondisi perempuan. Segala kegiatan yang terpusat di rumah membuat beban domestik yang sangat besar bagi perempuan, mulai dari mengurus rumah hingga memastikan anak-anak mengakses pendidikan dari rumah.TUJUAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan yang terjadi selama masa pandemi COVID-19 .METODE Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan narrative review. Artikel yang digunakan pada studi ini diambil dari Google Scholar dan Pubmed dengan total artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria adalah 10 artikel. Semua artikel yang digunakan dalam studi ini berasal dari tahun 2020.HASIL Terdapat peningkatan kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan. Dampak kekerasan perempuan dapat mempengaruhi di gangguan reproduksi seperti ketidakteraturan menstruasi, dan gangguan dalam proses kehamilan, dan gangguan mental seperti munculnya kecemasan, takut, letih, dan stress, bahkan tidak jarang berdampak pada gangguan makan dan tidurKESIMPULAN Kekerasan yang terjadi pada perempuan ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan semakin lamanya pandemi COVID-19 ini berlangsung. Hal ini dikarenakan pembatasan sosial yang diterapkan untuk mengurangi penyebaran dari pandemi ini menyebabkan perempuan dan pasangan harus menetap dalam satu rumah dan tidak dapat menghindarinya. Untuk itu, manajemen emosional sangat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan ini.  Kata Kunci: pandemi COVID-19, Kekerasan pada Perempuan  Abstract Background: Violence against women, especially violence against partners and sexual violence is a major public health problem and one of a violation of women's human rights. According to WHO (2018) emphasized that around 1 in 3 (35%) women worldwide have experienced violence. Furthermore, this increased during the COVID-19 pandemic which occurred in almost all parts of the world. The social restrictions imposed during the pandemic have an impact on the economy, making the family economy worse, and impacting the situation and condition of women. All activities centered at home create a huge domestic burden for women, from managing the house to making sure children access education from home.Aim: This study aimed to analyze the incidence of violence against women that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: This study used a narrative review approach. The articles used in this study were taken from Google Scholar and also Pubmed with a total of 10 articles that fit the criteria. All articles used in this study date from 2020.Result: There is an increase in the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of violence on women can affect reproductive disorders such as menstrual irregularities, and disorders in the process of pregnancy, and mental disorders such as the emergence of anxiety, fear, fatigue, and stress, even not infrequently have an impact on eating and sleep disorders.Conclusion: The violence that occurred in these women increased along with the length of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because the social restrictions that are implemented to reduce the spread of this pandemic cause women and couples to settle in one house and cannot avoid it. Therefore, emotional management is needed to minimize the incidence of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Kata Kunci: the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against women

The social origins of Christian democracy: rural–urban migration, interest group preemption, and the rise of the Catholic workers’ movement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Walter
Keyword(s):  
Urban Migration ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Christian Democracy ◽  
Catholic Worker ◽  
The Social ◽  
Catholic Social Teachings ◽  
Social Teachings

Abstract Despite the importance of Christian democracy for economic and social policies throughout the 20th century, we know very little about the incorporation of labor interests into Catholic parties. Existing accounts claim that the formation of Catholic worker organizations is rooted in the process of industrialization and reforms of Catholic social teachings. In contrast, I argue that the integration of the workers’ wing was dependent on the position of farmers’ and business associations within Catholic parties and the integrative capacities of local religious institutions. The migration of Catholics from peripheral to industrialized areas put pressure on Catholic elites in urban centers to integrate workers via class-based associations. In contrast, entrenched interest groups of farmers and businesses, as well as clerical associations, fend off the creation of workers’ associations in rural regions in which industrialization took place. My argument is supported by newly collected district-level and survey data.

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