scholarly journals Kola as an Indispensable Article of Trade in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
Francis Adetunji Adesida ◽  
Kayode Akanni Oluyole ◽  
Foluso.Temitope Agulanna ◽  
Yetunde Olasimbo Oladokun ◽  
Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cola Nitida

This study examines the origin of kola-nuts trade and the indispensability of kola-nut trade in West Africa. Desk research was carried out using past published literature. The study established the fact that kola nut production was indigenous to the West Africa Forest and pinpointed the actual origin of kola-nut especially Cola nitida to be along the western coast of Africa from Sierra Leone to the republic of Benin. On the other hand, the areas of Ijare and Idanre in Ondo State of Nigeria are currently believed to be the places where Cola acumunata originated. The dominant variety of kola-nut grown in Western and Eastern parts of Nigeria was cola acumunata and Cola verticillata. However, in terms of production, before the 19th century the production of cola nitida was limited to the forests west of the Volta River in Ghana. Both linguistic and ethnographic data were used to trace the origin of kola-nut and developed a chronology with regard to the origins and trade routes for kola-nuts. The research work however established the importance of kola-nut production and trade to the economies of West Africa countries where they are produced and traded. It was however recommended that considering the indispensability of kola-nut trade to West Africa particularly Nigeria, the government should take proactive steps to increase the scope of production and trade of this crop in order to improve the livelihoods of kola-nuts farmers and traders as well as increase it contributions to the national economy.

Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Porto Novo

The Republic of Benin in West Africa is bordered by Togo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Niger. It has an area of 114,763 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 11.4 million. Its capital is Porto-Novo, although the seat of the government and the largest city in Benin is Cotonou. Cotonou is also home to the autonomous port of Cotonou and to the international airport Cardinal Bernardin Gantin de Cadjéhoun, the primary entry point to the country by air. The government of Benin has agreed to the construction of a petroleum, ore, and commercial port in Sèmè-Podji, which should complement the port of Cotonou. In 2020, the current international airport Cardinal Bernardin Gantin de Cadjéhoun will be replaced by the international airport of Glo-Djigbé, found 20 km from Cotonou.

Nephrology in the Republic of Benin (West Africa)

2005 ◽  
pp. 417-434
Author(s):  
Giovanni Battista Fogazzi ◽  
Attolou Vénérand ◽  
Aouanou Guy
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Ethnoichthyology of Fishing Communities in the Lower Valley of Ouémé in Benin, West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Gildas Djidohokpin ◽  
Edmond Sossoukpè ◽  
Richard Adandé ◽  
Juste V. Voudounnou ◽  
Emile D. Fiogbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Vernacular Names ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dietary Value ◽  
Fishing Area

Ethno-ichthyological knowledge can improve fisheries management. This study covers interactions between ecological, morphological, and sociocultural aspects pertaining to the fish of the Tovè River, which is located in the largest fishing area in the Republic of Benin (Ouémé Valley), West Africa. In particular, data were collected on fishing methods and techniques, fishing equipment, and ichthyofauna by noting vernacular names followed by identification traits, taste and dietary value, medicinal use, and related knowledge of different species. Through data related to names given locally to fish, this paper highlights the manner in which physical or behavioral traits are coded in terminology. Most of these species have a high market value, either because they are considered to be delicacies and/or for their medicinal uses. The results suggest that ethno-ichthyological information can successfully be applied to improve fish conservation and fisheries management.

The chromosomes of Rodents of the Republic of Benin (West Africa): 2. Sciuridae and Thryonomyidae

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Civitelli ◽  
Jean T. Claude Codjia ◽  
Ernesto Capanna ◽  
E. Capanna
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

Complete genome sequence of a new bipartite begomovirus infecting cotton in the Republic of Benin in West Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 2329-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter N. Leke ◽  
Behnam Khatabi ◽  
Djana B. Mignouna ◽  
Judith K. Brown ◽  
Vincent N. Fondong
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

Influence of the landscape context on stand structure and spatial patterns of the doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica Mart.) in the Republic of Benin (West Africa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Idohou ◽  
Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo ◽  
Fortuné Azihou ◽  
Romain Glèlè Kakaï ◽  
Aristide Adomou
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Landscape Context ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Matacong Island: A Short History of a Small Island on the West Coast of Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6.) ◽  
pp. 8-43
Author(s):  
Takehiko Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Water Color ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to examine how Matacong Island, a small island just off the coast of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, was claimed its possession by local chiefs, how it was leased to and was used by European and Sierra Leonean merchants, and how it was colonized by Britain and France in the 19th century. In 1825 the paramount chief of Moriah chiefdom agreed to lease the island to two Sierra Leonean merchants, and in 1826 it was ceded to Britain by a treaty with chiefs of the Sumbuyah and Moriah chiefdoms. Since the island was considered as a territory exempted from duty, British and Sierra Leonean merchants used it as an important trading station throughout the 19th century. Major exports of Matacong Island included palm kernels, palm oil, hides, ivory, pepper and groundnuts, originally brought by local traders from the neighboring rivers, and major imports were tobacco, beads, guns, gunpowder, rum, cotton manufactures, iron bars and hardware of various kinds. In 1853 alone, some 80 vessels, under British, American, and French flags, anchored at Matacong Island. By the convention of 1882, Britain recognized the island as belonging to France. Although the convention was never ratified, it was treated by both countries as accepted terms of agreement. The article considers various dynamics of usage, property, and territorial possession as relates to the island during the 19th century, and reveals how complex they were, widely making use of the documents of The Matacong Island (West Africa) Papers at the University of Birmingham Library in Britain. The collection purchased by the library in 1969 is composed of 265 historical documents relating to Matacong Island, such as letters, agreements, newspaper-cuttings, maps and water-color picture

scholarly journals First Report of Banana bunchy top virus in Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) in Nigeria

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Adegbola ◽  
O. Ayodeji ◽  
O. O. Awosusi ◽  
G. I. Atiri ◽  
P. Lava Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Coat Protein ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Coat Protein Gene ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic

Plantain and banana (Musa spp.) are among the most important staple crops for food and income generation for the rural and urban populations in the humid forest agroecological zone of West Africa. Until recently, Cucumber mosaic virus (genus Cucumovirus) and Banana streak virus (genus Badnavirus) were the only viruses reported to occur in Musa spp. in West Africa. In 2011, an outbreak of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV; genus Babuvirus, family Nanoviridae) was reported in Ouémé Département (6°30′N and 2°36′E) in the Republic of Benin (2). BBTV is one of the most economically important pathogens of Musa spp. It is well established in Central Africa and also in Angola, Malawi, and Zambia in Southern Africa (2). Plants infected at early growth stages are severely dwarfed and do not bear fruit. BBTV is transmitted by the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa, which is widespread in Africa (1). The regions in the Republic of Benin affected by BBTV border Ogun State (7°00′N and 3°35′E) of Nigeria. Epidemiological investigations were conducted during May 2012 at 31 locations in Ogun State to determine the potential risk of BBTV spreading into Nigeria. Plants with typical symptoms of BBTD (stunting, narrow and shortened leaves, chlorotic streaks on petioles and pseudostem) were observed in four locations: Ilashe, Odan-Itoro, Ido-Ologun, and Igbogila. Total DNA was extracted from 90 leaf samples randomly collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic banana and plantain plants in these areas. Samples were tested for BBTV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer pairs, mREP-F and mREP-R, which amplifies a 241-bp of BBTV DNA-mRep segment (1), and Scp-F and Scp-R specific for approximately 1075-bp BBTV DNA-S that encodes coat protein gene (1). The amplicons of expected size were obtained from 17 of 90 samples analyzed (18.8%). BBTV in the symptomatic plants was further confirmed by nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) assay using DIG-labeled 1,075-bp probe corresponding to coat protein gene and chromogenic detection as per the previously described protocol (3). The DIG-probe specifically reacted with nucleic acid from the symptomatic plants, but not with negative controls, providing conclusive evidence for the BBTV. The PCR products of DNA-mRep segment amplified from three banana plants infected with BBTV collected in Ilashe (Ipokia Local Government Area) were purified and sequenced in both directions. The sequences of these isolates were 100% identical with each other (GenBank Accession Nos. JX290301, JX290302, and JX290303). A BLASTn search revealed 100% nucleotide sequence identity with a BBTV isolate from Benin (JQ437548) and 99 to 100% identity with DNA-mRep sequences of several other BBTV isolates from Africa, Australia, India, and the South Pacific. Further analysis of the 241-bp mRep gene sequences with Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic analysis grouped the BBTV isolate with the South Pacific isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BBTV in Nigeria. This underscores need for surveys to assess the extent of BBTV spread in Nigeria and strict implementation of phytosanitary measures, including restrictions on the movement of planting material from disease-affected regions, to prevent further spread of this important disease. References: (1) P. L. Kumar et al. Virus Res. 159:171, 2011. (2) B. Lokossou et al. New Dis. Rep. 25:13, 2012. (3) W. S. Xie and J. S. Hu. Phytopathol. 85:339, 1995.

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