Evaluation of reliability of power distribution components: A case study of Sagamu Substation, Ogun State

Power system especially the distribution system which is the closest to the consumer is very fundamental and important to a nation’s economy development and that was the reason this study titled “Evaluation of reliability of power system distribution components, a case study of Sagamu Substation, Ogun State” was carried out in response to the yawning of the consumer for reliable and stable power supply. It is indispensable to find means of shaping which component failure contributes most to the unavailability, outage or interruption of the distribution system, and how this unavailability essentially affects the customers. A year power outages data that caused as a result of failure on each of these components such as Switch gears, Supply lines (11Kv),Busbar, circuit breakers, Fuses, Switches, Outgoings feeders, Over current relays, Earth fault relays, Surge arresters, transformers e.t.c. were collected from Ibadan Electricity Distribution company (IBDEC), Sagamu Substation Zone, Ogun State and were typified in Table 1-11.The failure rate (f/yr) (λ) of transformer, switch gear, supply line (incoming),bus bars, circuit breakers, fuses, switches, outgoing feeder, over current relay, earth fault relay and surge arrester were evaluated as follows 0.0059, 0.0044, 0.0011, 0.6667, 0.0007, 0.0082, 0.0000, 0.0039, 0.0003, 0.0001 and 0.0000 respectively and others such as average outages time (hours) ,outages time hours and other basic reliability indices were calculated and illustrated in Table 12. Some of these failures were also represented in bar chart. This method relates reliability theory with the experience gained from statistics and practical knowledge of components failures and maintenance. The findings from this work revealed that fuses had the highest failure followed by transformers and the least was surge arresters and it was also discovered that the outages time was reduced during the December period. This approach can be applied to rural and urban distribution systems. This submission made reliability theory a powerful tool to assist distribution Engineers in solving difficult and complicated problems.

Effect of Recognition and Career Advancement on Employee Job Performance: A Study of Nigerian Brewery Plc. Imagbon, Ijebu- Ode, Ogun State

The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of recognition and career advancement on employee job performance in Nigeria Brewery Plc in Imagbon, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population consists of 215 staff of Nigerian Brewery Plc. Imagbon, and sample size was 88. A Structured questionnaire was used as a research instrument in gathering the primary data used for the study. The data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation and correlation analysis with the help of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 23). The results and findings indicated that employee recognition (r-0.759, p- 0.029) and career advancement (r-0.594, p- 0.012) have significant and positive effects on employee job performance in Nigerian Brewery Plc Imagbon, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State. The research recommends that the management of Nigerian brewery Plc. should put a measure in place to ensure retention of younger employee that constitute the greater percentage of the brewery industry through adequate employee recognition programmes; and that management should be fully committed to employee flexible work schedule and provide an enabling environment for all and sundry within the organization.

Effect of Christmas Melon (Laganaria Breviflorus) extract on toxigenic Mycoflora Isolated from Stored Unpolished Rice sold in major Markets in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Study on toxigenic mycoflora and potential mitigation effect of Christmas Melon (Laganaria Breviflorus) extract in unpolished rice sold in Abeokuta Ogun state of Nigeria was carried out. Unpolished rice gotten from markets in Abeokuta were aseptically transported to the laboratory, serial dilution to reduce the fungal load was carried out and were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Methyl Red Dessicated Coconut Agar (MRDCA) respectively. Microscopy, macroscopy, toxigenicity test and inhibition studies with the peeled and unpeeled fruit of Laganaria breviflorus fermented for seven days was carried out. Results reveal the predominance of Aspergillus as the major genera, specifically, A. niger, A.flavus, A. parasiticus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. nidulans. Other fungi genera isolated include Penicillium, F`usarium, Mucor, Alternaria and Rhizopus . Of the 11 fungi genera isolated, 9 were toxigenic of which the zones of inhibition of unpeeled whole fruit extract of Laganaria breviflorus range from (3 - 28mm) where A. nidulans shows the highest susceptibility to the whole fruit extract of Laganaria breviflorus while the zone of inhibition of peeled fruit extract of Laganaria breviflorus ranges from (3 - 22mm) where A. parasiticus, Fusarium specie and P.chrysogenum showed the highest susceptibility . As the day progresses the zone of inhibition becomes wider. Unpeeled LB extract exhibited more zones of inhibition than the peeled LB extract. Laganaria breviflorus fruit extracts in the study demonstrates a potential in reducing toxigenic fungi, consequently a means to reducing mycotoxins in staple foods in Nigeria.

Nurse-Led Intervention on Teachers’ Knowledge and Management of Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Schools in Abeokuta, Ogun State

The objective of any educational system is to provide education for all learners with diverse needs and abilities to enable them to achieve their potential and subsequently contribute to society. Teachers are in a position to be the first to suspect that a child might have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) because they are with them for most of the day and they know how normal learners typically behave in classroom situations. One group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was employed for this study. The population comprised 42 teachers in the selected schools. Total enumeration was used for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was validated and used to collect data. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the construct ranged from 0.741 to 0.808. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed 45.2% participants had low knowledge, 18.1% and 16.7% had moderate and high knowledge respectively at the pre-intervention stage while at the post-intervention stage, 14.3% had low knowledge score while 21.4% and 64.3% had moderate and high knowledge scores respectively. Also, at the pre-intervention stage of this study, it was found that 64.3% participants had a bad management score of ADHD while 35.7% had a good management score of ADHD. The result indicated that there is a non-significant difference in the post intervention knowledge and management of ADHD among the respondents as a p-value of 0.494 was recorded which is much greater than the alpha (α) p-value of 0.05. The study concluded that the role of teachers in the identification and management of ADHD cannot be overlooked. This shows that training and proper education of the teachers will go a long way in the management of attention deficit in the pupils. The study recommended that the management of ADHD should be included in educational programs. Also, there should be follow-up to monitor the progress of the teachers in the management of children with ADHD.

Responsiveness of rural development to budget management attributes: Evidence from Ogun State, Nigeria

The essence of local government as contained in the Nigerian Constitution is bringing government closer to the people and make them feel the impact of governance. This study examined the responsiveness of rural development to three of the attributes of public budgeting (effectiveness, openness, and adequacy) in selected local governments in Ogun State, Nigeria. The objective was to establish the functional association and interconnectedness between the explained and explanatory variables. Data were gathered through the administration of a five-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 800 respondents in 8 local governments in Ogun States, out of which 348, representing 43.5%, were retrieved and used for analysis. Both descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression were utilized in the study. The result showed that three explanatory variables, namely budget effectiveness, budget openness, and budget adequacy, are positively related to rural development, although the impact of budget adequacy was shown to be insignificant. The implication is that the effectiveness of budget management and the openness of the budget in terms of transparency and accountability are more responsive and influential determinants of rural development than the adequacy of the budget estimates. The paper, therefore, recommended improvement in budget openness through more consultations and accessibility to budget information by the public as well as monitoring of projects and programs within the local council to engender development and add value to the rural dwellers.

Child Swaddling or Back Wrapping During Street Trading

The study is premised on social responsibility and social epidemiological theories and examined the exposure of back-wrapped babies to health risk during street trading. Data were collected using structured face-to-face interviews and snowballing techniques among 228 Street trading women (with children aged ≤ 11 months), in one local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Data analyses involved univariate and multivariate methods. The results show that 58.3% of women interviewed wrapped their babies at their back while trading on the streets, ≥80% were not aware of any campaign against baby back-wrapping, 35% viewed baby back-wrapping as medicinal for the baby, and as traditional practice (59.2%). The multivariate analysis revealed that children wrapped while trading on the street are at higher risk of exposure to illness than those not back wrapped (OR=1.778, p=0.042). The authors suggested media campaign against back-wrapping baby while trading on the street to reduce exposure to diseases, mortalities and possibly achievement of sustainable development goal (SDG-3).

Knowledge, perception and preventive practices of COVID-19 among Primary Health Care workers in Ogun State, Nigeria

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the COVID-19 knowledge, perception, and preventive practices among primary health care workers in Ogun state. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 339 primary health care workers in Ogun state using self-administered questionnaires. Knowledge of COVID-19 was graded as good with a minimum score of 75% while perception was graded as good with a score greater than the mean scores. Preventive practices were categorized as good with minimum scores of 75%. Associations between knowledge, practice, and categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square test with the level of significance set at p < 0.05 Results: The mean age of respondents was 42.30 ± 8.73 years. The major source of information on COVID-19 was health training (99.7%). A total of 50.7% had good knowledge of COVID-19 while 42.8% had a good perception of COVID-19. The majority (92.9%) had good COVID-19 preventive practices. Length of years in service was significantly associated (p=0.024) with knowledge of COVID-19. Conclusion: About half of the health care workers had good knowledge of COVID-19 while the perception of COVID-19 was poor. However, preventive practices carried out among the healthcare workers were good. Efforts should be made to further improve the knowledge and perception of primary health care workers as they play a vital role in the delivery of health care services in the state.

Financial Rewards and Job Commitment Among Public Secondary School Teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria

The paper aims to examine the effects of financial rewards on job commitment among public secondary school teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on the interpretative meaning of expectancy theory. The sample consisted of 750 public secondary school teachers drawn from the three senatorial districts of Ogun State. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and types of financial rewards available to public secondary school teachers in Ogun State. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The hypothesis stipulated was analyzedusing Pearson product moment. The study found out that prompt payment of teachers’ salaries induce higher commitment to teaching, public school teachers were not satisfied with the government remuneration and there was positive and strong relationship between financial rewards and teachers job commitment (r = 0.74). The study concluded that there is significant relationship between financial rewards and teachers’ job commitment. The authors recommended that the government should provide a special salary structure for government secondary school teachers like their counterparts in other professions since they are disputably the most significant group of professionals for any nation’s economy.

Variation in Arsenic metabolism in schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology in a rural community, Eggua, Ogun State, Nigeria

Exposure to toxic inorganic Arsenic (iAs) in areas endemic for urogenital schistosomiasis may confer increased risk for bladder cancer. The severity of the adverse effects of iAs however depends on its metabolism, which is highly variable among individuals. Genetic polymorphism in Arsenic (+3) Methyl Transferase enzyme, accounts significantly for these variations. To investigate the relationship of AS3MT gene polymorphisms and Arsenic metabolism to schistosomiasis and/or associated bladder pathology, 119 individualsfrom Eggua in southwest Nigeria were recruited for this study. Screening for schistosomiasis and bladder pathology was done by microscopy and ultrasonography respectively. Wagtech Digital Arsenator was used to assess total urinary arsenic concentrations and thus determine the level of arsenic exposure. The single nucleotide polymorphism AS3MT/Met287Thr T>C (rs11191439) was genotyped using Alelle-Specific PCR. Of the participants who tested positive for schistosomiasis, 33.3% exhibited bladder pathology. Total urinary arsenic concentration in 80% of the participants was above the WHO limit of 0.05mg/L. The Met287Thr allelic distribution conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (X2= 0.161, P> 0.05). Observed allelic frequencies were 0.96 and 0.04 for wild-type T and mutant C alleles respectively. There was no significant relationship between AS3MT SNP, arsenic concentrations and schistosomiasis associated bladder pathology. In conclusion, the community is highly exposed to arsenic, although with a possible genetic advantage of increased AS3MT catalytic activity. However, we see the need for urgent intervention as inter-individual differences in arsenic metabolism may influence the bladder pathology status of individuals in the community. And although urogenital schistosomiasis is waning in Eggua, it is not known what synergy the infection and high arsenic exposure may wield on bladder pathology.