scholarly journals Strength, micro-structure & durability investigations of lateritic concrete with palm kernel shell (PKS) as partial replacement of coarse aggregates

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Hussein Bello ◽  
Taiwo Salako ◽  
Suaib Tijani ◽  
Christopher Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

This paper presents the results of investigation conducted to evaluate structural performance of lateritic concrete containing palm kernel shell (PKS) as partial replacement of coarse aggregate by weight. The properties evaluated were: workability, density, compressive strength, microstructure, sorptivity, and water absorption of lateritic concrete with PKS specimens. The coarse aggregate fraction of the lateritic concrete was partially replaced with PKS of up to 50% at interval of 10% by weight. The results showed that: (i) the use of PKS to partially replace the coarse aggregate in lateritic concrete resulted in harsh concrete with low workabilities, (ii) lateritic concrete with PKS as partial replacement of coarse aggregate of up to 50% developed densities that can be used for normal concrete application, (iii) lateritic concrete with PKS as partial replacement of coarse aggregate of up to 10% developed strength that is comparable to the specimens without PKS, (iv) the SEM images of lateritic concrete samples showed a progressively porous internal structure with PKS and (v) lateritic concrete with PKS as partial replacement of coarse aggregate results in porous material but became less porous at longer curing ages. It can be concluded from these results that the replacement of the coarse aggregate constituent with PKS by weight not exceeding 10%, in the production of lateritic concrete, resulted in a material with satisfactory structural performance.

Palm Kernel Shell as Partial Coarse Aggregate Replacement in Asphalt Mixture: Optimum Binder Content and Volumetric Properties Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Siti Zubaidah Mohd Asri ◽  
Faridah Hanim Khairuddin ◽  
Choy Peng Ng ◽  
Noor Aina Misnon ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Mixture Samples

Pavement failures such as fatigue, rutting, cracking, bleeding, and stripping are typical pavement deterioration. Researchers have been experimenting with pavement modification to overcome these problems. This study determines the optimum binder content (OBC) for modifying an asphalt mixture with a partial replacement of coarse aggregate (5mm-14mm sieve size) with palm kernel shell (PKS). A 60/70 penetration grade bitumen was mixed with 10, 20 and 30% PKS at selected aggregate gradation following the Public Work Department of Malaysia (JKR/SPJ/2008-S4) specification. The preparation of 60 samples of unmodified and modified asphalt mixture employed the Marshall Method compacted with 75 blows. The OBC was determined based on five volumetric properties of asphalt mixture namely stability, flow, bulk density, void filled with asphalt, and void in total mix. The OBC and volumetric properties of the modified PKS asphalt mixture samples were compared with unmodified asphalt mixture samples in accordance to the specification. Results showed that the OBC sample with 30% aggregate replacement produced the highest OBC value of 5.53% relative to the control sample with 5.40% OBC. The trend for OBC with PKS replacement begins with 10% PKS with 5.30% OBC, 20% PKS with 5.32% OBC and 30% PKS. All volumetric properties of the PKS samples are within the specification limit. Thus, PKS has a promising potential as a coarse aggregate replacement in asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals SHRINKAGE AND CREEP CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM KERNEL SHELL CONCRETE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
ADETUKASI ADESOLA OLAYINKA ◽  
IKPONMWOSA EFE EWAEN
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Creep Characteristics ◽  
Shrinkage And Creep ◽  
Creep And Shrinkage

This research work evaluates the shrinkage and creep characteristics of concrete containing Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate. Concrete was mixed at 0.55 water-cement ratio, mix proportion of 1:1:2 and percentage replacement of natural aggregate with PKS at 0%, 25 % and 50%. The creep and shrinkage results of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC), increased as the percentage content of PKS increased in the concrete. The maximum creep strain observed for normal concrete, 25 % and 50 % PKS content were 0.00018 mm/m, 0.00057 mm/m and 0.00094 mm/m respectively. The maximum total shrinkage strain recorded for 0%, 25% and 50 % PKS content was 0.00102 mm/m, 0.00183 mm/m and 0.00247 mm/m respectively.

scholarly journals SHRINKAGE AND CREEP CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM KERNEL SHELL CONCRETE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADETUKASI ADESOLA OLAYINKA ◽  
IKPONMWOSA EFE EWAEN
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Creep Characteristics ◽  
Shrinkage And Creep ◽  
Creep And Shrinkage

<p>This research work evaluates the shrinkage and creep characteristics of concrete containing Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate. Concrete was mixed at 0.55 water-cement ratio, mix proportion of 1:1:2 and percentage replacement of natural aggregate with PKS at 0%, 25 % and 50%. The creep and shrinkage results of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC), increased as the percentage content of PKS increased in the concrete. The maximum creep strain observed for normal concrete, 25 % and 50 % PKS content were 0.00018 mm/m, 0.00057 mm/m and 0.00094 mm/m respectively. The maximum total shrinkage strain recorded for 0%, 25% and 50 % PKS content was 0.00102 mm/m, 0.00183 mm/m and 0.00247 mm/m respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Concrete Incorporating Date Seed As Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregates

Neutron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Raza PALH ◽  
Sajjad Ali MANGI ◽  
Masroor Ahmed ODHO ◽  
Ayaz Ahmed KALHORO
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
The World ◽  
Coconut Shells

In the world the most widely used material is concrete. It is the second most consumed substance after water in the world and plays a vital role in infrastructure and private buildings construction. Various waste materials like coconut shells, date seeds, rubber seed shell, palm kernel shells, etc. were studied by various researchers and replaced for coarse aggregate in concrete making. This study attempted to use Date Seeds as partial replacement with coarse aggregate in concrete. The mix design ratio 1:2:4 of cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate/date seeds was investigated in this study work only. Total 24 number of Cylinders of diameter and height of 4’×8’ were made. The 0%, 2%, 3% and 4% of Date Seed were replaced with Coarse aggregate. The physical properties of Date Seed, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate were determined. The specific gravity of DS was found to be 1.0 and water absorption was 24% for 48 hours. The bulk density value was 843 kg/m3 which was greater than the previous research works, the fineness modulus of DS, CA & FA were 1.7, 2.18 and 3.08, respectively. Other important thing which was observed during this work that the DS were expanding on absorption of water. The workability of concrete was decreasing as the total surface area of coarser particles was increased.  The results of compressive strengths were quite satisfied at 2% & 3% replacement.

scholarly journals Performance of Concrete Mixes Containing TBM Muck as Partial Coarse Aggregate Replacements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6263
Author(s):  
Ala Abu Abu Taqa ◽  
Mohamed Al-Ansari ◽  
Ramzi Taha ◽  
Ahmed Senouci ◽  
Ghaleb M. Al-Zubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Edx Analysis ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Metro Project

This study investigated the potential utilization of the TBM muck obtained from the Gold Line of the Doha Metro Project as a partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete mixes. First, the TBM muck particles were screened to coarse aggregate standard sizes. Then, concrete mixes were prepared using 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% TBM muck replacement of coarse aggregates. The compressive and flexural strengths were determined for all mixes at 28 and 56 days. Moreover, the results obtained were validated using EDX analysis and SEM images. A t-statistical analysis did not show a significant impact of TBM muck usage on the compressive strength results of the concrete mixes. However, another t-statistical analysis showed that TBM muck replacement of coarse aggregates had adversely affected the flexural strength results. The EDX analysis indicated the presence of Na+ ions, which can replace the Ca2+ ions in the C-S-H gel, cause discontinuities of it, and hence reduce the strength at later ages. Finally, the SEM images showed that the ettringite and carbon hydroxide (C-H) contents in the mixes with TBM muck were higher than that of the control mix, while the C-S-H gel was less in such mixes.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Palm Kernel Shell in Concrete

2017 ◽  
Vol V6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad ◽  
Vijay Laxmi Ambedkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Effect of Water Cement Ratios on Compressive Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O Adeyemi ◽  
M.A Anifowose ◽  
I.O Amototo ◽  
S.A Adebara ◽  
M.Y Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This study examined the effect of varying water cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete produced using palm kernel shell (PKS) as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels. The replacement levels of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shells (PKS) were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% respectively. PKS concrete cubes (144 specimens) of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with water-cement ratio of 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively while the batching was done by weight. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes using a compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity. The result of tests on fresh concrete shows that the slump height of 0.45 water cement ratio (w/c) increases with an increase in PKS%. This trend was similar to 0.50 and 0.60 w/c. However, the compressive strength of concrete cube decreases with an increase in w/c (from 0.45 to 0.60) but increases with respect to curing age and also decreases with increase in PKS%. Concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio possess the highest compressive strength. It was observed that PKS is not a good substitute for coarse aggregate in mix ratio 1:2:4 for concrete productions. Hence, the study suggest the use of chemical admixture such as superplasticizer or calcium chloride in order to improve the strength of palm kernel shells-concrete.

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