scholarly journals Monitoring volcanoes in Mexico

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Ramón Espinasa-Pereña
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
Federal Governance ◽  
San Martín ◽  
Official Information ◽  
Active Volcanoes ◽  
El Chichon

Mexico has at least 46 volcanic centers (including monogenetic volcanic fields) that are considered active or potentially active. Due to the federal governance of the country, the Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) is the entity responsible for monitoring natural hazards. Individual Mexican states also monitor active volcanoes within their territoryand through local universities. Specific observatories exist for Colima, Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba), San Martín Tuxtla, El Chichón, and Tacaná volcanoes, which are considered among the volcanoes with the highest hazard potential in the country. Details on instrumentation, data acquisition, hazard management, information dissemination and outreach are given for each volcano and observatory. The creation of a National Volcanological Service, based at CENAPRED and in full cooperation with local university-based observatories, would help consolidate all monitoring data and official information on active volcanoes at a single institution, procure and distribute resources, and allocate those resources according to the relative risk posed by the different volcanoes. México tiene al menos 46 centros volcánicos que podrían considerarse activos o potencialmente activos (incluyendo campos volcánicos monogenéticos). Debido al carácter federal del país, el Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (CENAPRED) es la entidad responsable de monitorear los fenómenos naturales. Individualmente, algunos estados mexicanos también monitorean los volcanes activos dentro de su territorio, a través de las universidades locales, por lo que existen observatorios específicos para Colima, Citlaltépetl (Pico de Orizaba), San Martín Tuxtla, El Chichón y Tacaná; todos estos considerados entre los volcanes de mayor riesgo relativo del país. Se proporcionan detalles sobre instrumentación, adquisición de datos, gestión de riesgos y difusión y divulgación de información para cada volcán y observatorio. La creación de un Servicio Vulcanológico Nacional, con sede en CENAPRED, y en cooperación plena con los observatorios universitarios locales, ayudaría a concentrar todos los datos de monitoreo e información oficial sobre los volcanes activos en una sola institución, así como a adquirir y asignar recursos, de acuerdo con el riesgo relativo que representan los diferentes volcanes.

Volcanic history of El Chichón Volcano (Chiapas, Mexico) during the Holocene, and its impact on human activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Espíndola ◽  
J. L. Macías ◽  
R. I. Tilling ◽  
M. F. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
El Chichón Volcano ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chichón Volcano ◽  
El Chichon

Measurements of stratospheric SO2 after the El Chichón eruptions

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Vedder ◽  
Estelle P. Condon ◽  
Edward C. Y. Inn ◽  
Kevin D. Tabor ◽  
Mark A. Kritz
Keyword(s):  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Comparison of the Seismicity Before and After the 1982 El Chichon Eruption

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Legrand ◽  
J. M. Espíndola ◽  
Z. Jiménez ◽  
T. Scolamacchia ◽  
C. Valdés-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Chichón ◽  
Before And After ◽  
El Chichon

scholarly journals Effect of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from 2002–2014 as measured by Odin-OSIRIS and Envisat-MIPAS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristen Adams ◽  
Adam E. Bourassa ◽  
Chris A. McLinden ◽  
Chris E. Sioris ◽  
Thomas von Clarmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Abstract. Following the large volcanic eruptions of Pinatubo in 1991 and El Chichón in 1982, decreases in stratospheric NO2 associated with enhanced aerosol were observed. The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (OSIRIS) likewise measured widespread enhancements of stratospheric aerosol following seven volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2014, although the magnitudes of these eruptions were all much smaller than the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. In order to isolate and quantify the relationship between volcanic aerosol and NO2, NO2 anomalies were calculated using measurements from OSIRIS and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). In the tropics, variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation was subtracted from the timeseries. OSIRIS profile measurements indicate that the strongest relationships between NO2 and volcanic aerosol extinction were for the layer ~ 3–7 km above the tropopause, where OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 partial columns for ~ 3–7 km above the tropopause were found to be smaller than baseline levels during these aerosol enhancements by up to ~ 60 % with typical Pearson correlation coefficients of R ~ −0.7. MIPAS also observed decreases in NO2 partial columns during periods of affected by volcanic aerosol, with percent differences of up to ~ 25 %. An even stronger relationship was observed between OSIRIS aerosol optical depth and MIPAS N2O5 partial columns, with R ~ −0.9, although no link with MIPAS HNO3 was observed. The variation of OSIRIS NO2 with increasing aerosol was found to be quantitatively consistent with simulations from a photochemical box model in terms of both magnitude and degree of non-linearity.

scholarly journals On the effect of the volcanic eruptions of Mount Agung and El Chichón on the temperature of the stratosphere

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
K. Labitzke ◽  
B. Naujokat
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
El Chichon

Durante el verano y el otoño de 1982, y también durante el verano y otoño de 1963, la temperatura a 30 mbar subió más de tres desviaciones estándar sobre el promedio de 18 años en latitudes tropicales. Estos calentamientos se atribuyen a los aerosoles estratosféricos producidos por las erupciones del Monte Agung en marzo de 1963 y El Chichón en abril de 1982.

scholarly journals Evidence of the El Chichón stratospheric volcanic cloud in Northern Greece

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
C. S. Zerefos
Keyword(s):  
Northern Greece ◽  
El Chichón ◽  
Volcanic Cloud ◽  
El Chichon

El borde norte de los residuos del SO2 volcánico lanzado a la estratósfera por El Chichón fue rastreado en Tesalónica (41°N) desde principios del verano de 1982. La evidencia se basa en mediciones de rutina del SO2 columnar, hechas con el espectrofotómetro Brewer Mark ll fuera de la ciudad de Tesalónica. Tomando en cuenta la contribución de la contaminación troposférica al SO2 columnar, se espera que alrededor de 2 m-atm-cm del SO2 columnar pueda atribuirse a la carga estratosférica de origen volcánico.

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