scholarly journals GLOMERELLA CINGULATA SPORE GERMINATION AND CHITINASE DETECTION IN RESISTANCE-INDUCED TEA PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Tea Plants

Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriella muelleri, Nectriella sp., and Hyponectria sceptri: low-temperature tolerant, alpine–boreal fungal antagonists

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Samuels ◽  
C. T. Rogerson ◽  
A. Y. Rossman ◽  
J. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Glomerella Cingulata ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum ◽  
Germination And Growth

The ascomycetes Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriella muelleri sp. nov., Nectriella sp., and Hyponectria sceptri comb. nov. were collected in alpine–boreal habitats. They were low temperature tolerant, growing at 0 °C and poorly or not at all at temperatures above 18 °C. Optimum temperature for spore germination and growth was 10–15 °C. Nectria tuberculariformis was found to be the teleomorph of Acremonium boreale; Nectriella muelleri and Nectriella sp. each had Acremonium anamorphs. No anamorph formed in cultures of Hyponectria sceptri. All four species produced a diffusible substance or substances that inhibited growth of the mesophilic plant parasites Chondrostereum purpureum, Fusarium solani, Glomerella cingulata, and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella. Nectria tuberculariformis, Nectriella muelleri, Nectriella sp., and Hyponectria sceptri are described and illustrated.

Changes of Tea Plants’ Growth according to the Type of Sequential Double Shading

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Doobo Shim ◽  
Mi Jin Kwon ◽  
Eun-Ju Kang ◽  
Kyung Hwan Cho ◽  
Yong-Hwi Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Plants

Effects of light, temperature and pH on spore germination and early gametophytic development of Alsophila metteniana

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du Honghong ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Dai Shaojun ◽  
Jiang Chuangdao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination

Characteristics and Function of the Chitin Binding Protein from Xenorhabdus nematophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ziyan Nangong ◽  
Xiaobei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
Chitin Binding Protein ◽  
And Function

Background: Genome sequence analysis (GenBank access No.: FN667742.1) shows that Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC19061 contains one gene (Xn-cbp) encoding chitin binding protein (Xn-CBP). Objective: The present work aims to clarify the characteristics and function of Xn-CBP from X. nematophila HB310. Methods: In this study, the Xn-cbp gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Substrate binding assays were performed to explain the ability of Xn-CBP combined with the polysaccharide. The insecticidal toxicity of Xn-CBP against the second-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was determined by feeding method. Besides, the antifungal activity of Xn-CBP against Coniothyrium diplodiella, Verticillium dahlia, and Fusarium oxysporum was tested by spore germination assay and hyphal extension assay. Results: Xn-CBP encoded 199 amino acids with a calculated mass of 28 kDa, which contained a signal peptide and a chitin binding domain. The Bmax and Kd values of Xn-CBP to colloidal chitin were 2.46 and 4.08, respectively. Xn-CBP had insecticidal activity against the H. armigera with a growth inhibition rate of 84.08%. Xn-CBP had the highest spore germination inhibitory effect on C. diplodiella with the inhibition rate of 83.11%. The hyphal growth inhibition rate of Xn-CBP to F. oxysporum, 41.52%, was higher than the other two fungi. Conclusion: The Xn-CBP had the highest binding ability to colloidal chitin and it showed insecticidal activity and antifungal activity. The present study laid a foundation for further exploitation and utilization of X. nematophila.

scholarly journals (E)-Nerolidol is a volatile signal that induces defenses against insects and pathogens in tea plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Chen ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Plants

scholarly journals Predicting the Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Protein GerAB from Bacillus subtilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3793
Author(s):  
Sophie Blinker ◽  
Jocelyne Vreede ◽  
Peter Setlow ◽  
Stanley Brul
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Starting Point

Bacillus subtilis forms dormant spores upon nutrient depletion. Germinant receptors (GRs) in spore’s inner membrane respond to ligands such as L-alanine, and trigger spore germination. In B. subtilis spores, GerA is the major GR, and has three subunits, GerAA, GerAB, and GerAC. L-Alanine activation of GerA requires all three subunits, but which binds L-alanine is unknown. To date, how GRs trigger germination is unknown, in particular due to lack of detailed structural information about B subunits. Using homology modelling with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we present structural predictions for the integral membrane protein GerAB. These predictions indicate that GerAB is an α-helical transmembrane protein containing a water channel. The MD simulations with free L-alanine show that alanine binds transiently to specific sites on GerAB. These results provide a starting point for unraveling the mechanism of L-alanine mediated signaling by GerAB, which may facilitate early events in spore germination.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of specific Alanine Decarboxylase (AlaDC) and its ancestral enzyme Serine Decarboxylase (SDC) in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixian Bai ◽  
Liyuan Wang ◽  
Kang Wei ◽  
Li Ruan ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background Alanine decarboxylase (AlaDC), specifically present in tea plants, is crucial for theanine biosynthesis. Serine decarboxylase (SDC), found in many plants, is a protein most closely related to AlaDC. To investigate whether the new gene AlaDC originate from gene SDC and to determine the biochemical properties of the two proteins from Camellia sinensis, the sequences of CsAlaDC and CsSDC were analyzed and the two proteins were over-expressed, purified, and characterized. Results The results showed that exon-intron structures of AlaDC and SDC were quite similar and the protein sequences, encoded by the two genes, shared a high similarity of 85.1%, revealing that new gene AlaDC originated from SDC by gene duplication. CsAlaDC and CsSDC catalyzed the decarboxylation of alanine and serine, respectively. CsAlaDC and CsSDC exhibited the optimal activities at 45 °C (pH 8.0) and 40 °C (pH 7.0), respectively. CsAlaDC was stable under 30 °C (pH 7.0) and CsSDC was stable under 40 °C (pH 6.0–8.0). The activities of the two enzymes were greatly enhanced by the presence of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. The specific activity of CsSDC (30,488 IU/mg) was 8.8-fold higher than that of CsAlaDC (3467 IU/mg). Conclusions Comparing to CsAlaDC, its ancestral enzyme CsSDC exhibited a higher specific activity and a better thermal and pH stability, indicating that CsSDC acquired the optimized function after a longer evolutionary period. The biochemical properties of CsAlaDC might offer reference for theanine industrial production.

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