Characteristics and Function of the Chitin Binding Protein from Xenorhabdus nematophila

Background: Genome sequence analysis (GenBank access No.: FN667742.1) shows that Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC19061 contains one gene (Xn-cbp) encoding chitin binding protein (Xn-CBP). Objective: The present work aims to clarify the characteristics and function of Xn-CBP from X. nematophila HB310. Methods: In this study, the Xn-cbp gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Substrate binding assays were performed to explain the ability of Xn-CBP combined with the polysaccharide. The insecticidal toxicity of Xn-CBP against the second-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was determined by feeding method. Besides, the antifungal activity of Xn-CBP against Coniothyrium diplodiella, Verticillium dahlia, and Fusarium oxysporum was tested by spore germination assay and hyphal extension assay. Results: Xn-CBP encoded 199 amino acids with a calculated mass of 28 kDa, which contained a signal peptide and a chitin binding domain. The Bmax and Kd values of Xn-CBP to colloidal chitin were 2.46 and 4.08, respectively. Xn-CBP had insecticidal activity against the H. armigera with a growth inhibition rate of 84.08%. Xn-CBP had the highest spore germination inhibitory effect on C. diplodiella with the inhibition rate of 83.11%. The hyphal growth inhibition rate of Xn-CBP to F. oxysporum, 41.52%, was higher than the other two fungi. Conclusion: The Xn-CBP had the highest binding ability to colloidal chitin and it showed insecticidal activity and antifungal activity. The present study laid a foundation for further exploitation and utilization of X. nematophila.

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Inhibition of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by monoacylglycerols prepared from coconut oil

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/3509-cjfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 48-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Z. Řiháková ◽

V. Filip ◽

M. PlockovÁ ◽

J. Šmidrkal ◽

R. Červenková

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Germination Inhibition ◽

Inhibition Effect ◽

Antifungal Properties

The objectives of the present study were to test the antifungal properties (inhibition of radial growth, inhibition of the mould spore germination) of lauroylglycerol and mixtures of monoacylglycerols synthesised from coconut oil (MIX-I and MIX-II) against Aspergillus niger DMF 0801. The content of monoacylglycerols in lauroylglycerol, MIX-I and MIX-II was 99.9% (w/w), 97.7% (w/w) and 75,1% (w/w), respectively. The content of 1-lauroylglycerol in MIX-I and MIX-II was calculated from the content of lauric acid and content of monoacylglycerols. The inhibition of the radial growth of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by lauroylglycerol was stronger than that caused by MIX-I and MIX-II. The inhibition effect of spore germination caused by lauroylglycerol and MIX-I was nearly the same. The inhibition of spore germination increased with increasing content of monoacylglycerol and also with increasing 1-lauroylglycerol content in monoacylglycerols. The level of spore germination inhibition was related to the purity of tested substances. The results of this study indicate that monoacylglycerols made from coconut oil have antifungal activity.  

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Characteristics and antifungal activity of a chitin binding protein fromGinkgo biloba

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01834-2 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 478 (1-2) ◽

pp. 123-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Xu Huang ◽

Wei-jun Xie ◽

Zhen-zhen Gong

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Chitin Binding Protein

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Characterization of a Novel, Antifungal, Chitin-Binding Protein from Streptomyces tendae Tü901 That Interferes with Growth Polarity

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.181.24.7421-7429.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 181 (24) ◽

pp. 7421-7429 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Christiane Bormann ◽

Daniel Baier ◽

Ingmar Hörr ◽

Claudia Raps ◽

Jürgen Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Antifungal Protein ◽

Multicopy Plasmid ◽

Binding Domains ◽

Streptomyces Tendae ◽

Chitin Binding Protein ◽

Cellulose Binding

ABSTRACT The afp1 gene, which encodes the antifungal protein AFP1, was cloned from nikkomycin-producing Streptomyces tendae Tü901, using a nikkomycin-negative mutant as a host and screening transformants for antifungal activity againstPaecilomyces variotii in agar diffusion assays. The 384-bpafp1 gene has a low G+C content (63%) and a transcription termination structure with a poly(T) region, unusual attributes forStreptomyces genes. AFP1 was purified from culture filtrate of S. tendae carrying the afp1 gene on the multicopy plasmid pIJ699. The purified protein had a molecular mass of 9,862 Da and lacked a 42-residue N-terminal peptide deduced from the nucleotide sequence. AFP1 was stable at extreme pH values and high temperatures and toward commercial proteinases. AFP1 had limited similarity to cellulose-binding domains of microbial plant cell wall hydrolases and bound to crab shell chitin, chitosan, and cell walls ofP. variotii but showed no enzyme activity. The biological activity of AFP1, which represents the first chitin-binding protein from bacteria exhibiting antifungal activity, was directed against specific ascomycetes, and synergistic interaction with the chitin synthetase inhibitor nikkomycin inhibited growth ofAspergillus species. Microscopy studies revealed that fluorescein-labeled AFP1 strongly bound to the surface of germinated conidia and to tips of growing hyphae, causing severe alterations in cell morphogenesis that gave rise to large spherical conidia and/or swollen hyphae and to atypical branching.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein on the translocation of visual retinoids and function of cone photoreceptors.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1148033.605141 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Fain

Keyword(s):

Binding Protein ◽

Cone Photoreceptors ◽

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein ◽

And Function

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Chitin binding protein from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus facilitates the clearance of Vibrio anguillarum

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.dci.2020.103981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 103981

Author(s):

Sen Xu ◽

Ming Jing ◽

De-Min Kong ◽

Ya-Ru Wang ◽

Quan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binding Protein ◽

Vibrio Anguillarum ◽

Marsupenaeus Japonicus ◽

Kuruma Shrimp ◽

Chitin Binding Protein

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Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoacint/qsab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cong You ◽

Jun Yu ◽

Guangjiong Qin ◽

JinPeng Yang ◽

Chunlei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

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Phylogenomic Insights into Distribution and Adaptation of Bdellovibrionota in Marine Waters

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Qing-Mei Li ◽

Ying-Li Zhou ◽

Zhan-Fei Wei ◽

Yong Wang

Keyword(s):

Comparative Genomics ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Glycerol Metabolism ◽

Metabolic Reconstruction ◽

Type Ii Secretion ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Epipelagic Zone ◽

Chitin Binding Protein

Bdellovibrionota is composed of obligate predators that can consume some Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting various environments. However, whether genomic traits influence their distribution and marine adaptation remains to be answered. In this study, we performed phylogenomics and comparative genomics studies using 132 Bdellovibrionota genomes along with five metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from deep sea zones. Four phylogenetic groups, Oligoflexia, Bdello-group1, Bdello-group2 and Bacteriovoracia, were revealed by constructing a phylogenetic tree, of which 53.84% of Bdello-group2 and 48.94% of Bacteriovoracia were derived from the ocean. Bacteriovoracia was more prevalent in deep sea zones, whereas Bdello-group2 was largely distributed in the epipelagic zone. Metabolic reconstruction indicated that genes involved in chemotaxis, flagellar (mobility), type II secretion system, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and penicillin-binding protein were necessary for the predatory lifestyle of Bdellovibrionota. Genes involved in glycerol metabolism, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) degradation, cell wall recycling and peptide utilization were ubiquitously present in Bdellovibrionota genomes. Comparative genomics between marine and non-marine Bdellovibrionota demonstrated that betaine as an osmoprotectant is probably widely used by marine Bdellovibrionota, and all the marine genomes have a number of genes for adaptation to marine environments. The genes encoding chitinase and chitin-binding protein were identified for the first time in Oligoflexia, which implied that Oligoflexia may prey on a wider spectrum of microbes. This study expands our knowledge on adaption strategies of Bdellovibrionota inhabiting deep seas and the potential usage of Oligoflexia for biological control.

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Molecular and Functional Characterization of One Odorant-Binding Protein Gene OBP3 in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/toz248 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ran Wang ◽

Yuan Hu ◽

Peiling Wei ◽

Cheng Qu ◽

Chen Luo

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Critical Role ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Odorant Binding Protein ◽

Binding Characteristics ◽

And Function ◽

Odorant Binding

Abstract Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of insects play a critical role in chemical perceptions and choice of insect host plant. Bemisia tabaci is a notorious insect pest which can damage more than 600 plant species. In order to explore functions of OBPs in B. tabaci, here we investigated binding characteristics and function of odorant-binding protein 3 in B. tabaci (BtabOBP3). The results indicated that BtabOBP3 shows highly similar sequence with OBPs of other insects, including the typical signature motif of six cysteines. The recombinant BtabOBP3 protein was obtained, and the evaluation of binding affinities to tested volatiles of host plant was conducted, then the results indicated that β-ionone had significantly higher binding to BtabOBP3 among other tested plant volatiles. Furthermore, silencing of BtabOBP3 significantly altered choice behavior of B. tabaci to β-ionone. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that BtabOBP3 exerts function as one carrier of β-ionone and the results could be contributed to reveal the mechanisms of choosing host plant in B. tabaci.

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