scholarly journals Incidence of COVID-19 after pulmonary function tests: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Esteban Javier Wainstein ◽  
Hector Jose Peroni ◽  
Bruno Leonel Ferreyro ◽  
Maria Ines Staneloni ◽  
Miriam Gabriela Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
National Database ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Function Tests

Introduction: It has been proposed that exposure to pulmonary function tests (PFT) could be associated with a higher risk of viral transmission. The risk of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission after performing PFT is unknown. We aimed to assess the incidence  of COVID-19 after a PFT at an academic teaching facility in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all consecutive adult patients that performed PFT between April 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020. Patients with prior COVID-19 were excluded. We defined a 15-day time window to  ascertain PFT related COVID-19. The primary outcome was ascertained by consulting a national database, which has information on all patients with nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 in Argentina. Results: We included 278 patients who performed a PFT. Fifty percent were women, the mean age was 54 years (SD 18), and the main comorbidities were obesity (31%), smoking (31%), hypertension (29%), and chronic lung disease (28%). The main indication for performing PFT was anesthetic preoperative risk assessment. Swabs were collected from 27 patients (10%). Twenty-two swabs (8%) were taken according to surgical protocols; five swabs (2%) were taken due to clinical suspicion of COVID-19, with only one testing positive. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 after PFT was 0.36% (95% CI 0.01-20%). None of the technicians developed symptomatic disease. Conclusion: Given the right setting and strict adherence to international recommendations, the SARS-CoV-2 infection after having a PFT appears to be low, which follows that these procedures can be performed safely for both patients and staff.

Preoperative pulmonary function tests before low-risk surgery in Japan: a retrospective cohort study using a claims database

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yonekura ◽  
Kazuki Ide ◽  
Kahori Seto ◽  
Yohei Kawasaki ◽  
Shiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Claims Database ◽  
Function Tests

scholarly journals Reinfection Rates Among Patients Who Previously Tested Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Sheehan ◽  
Anita J Reddy ◽  
Michael B Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Protection afforded from prior disease among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is unknown. If infection provides substantial long-lasting immunity, it may be appropriate to reconsider vaccination distribution. Methods This retrospective cohort study of 1 health system included 150 325 patients tested for COVID-19 infection via polymerase chain reaction from 12 March 2020 to 30 August 2020. Testing performed up to 24 February 2021 in these patients was included. The main outcome was reinfection, defined as infection ≥90 days after initial testing. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic infection and protection of prior infection against reinfection. Results Of 150 325 patients, 8845 (5.9%) tested positive and 141 480 (94.1%) tested negative before 30 August. A total of 1278 (14.4%) positive patients were retested after 90 days, and 62 had possible reinfection. Of those, 31 (50%) were symptomatic. Of those with initial negative testing, 5449 (3.9%) were subsequently positive and 3191 of those (58.5%) were symptomatic. Protection offered from prior infection was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.6–85.8) and against symptomatic infection was 84.5% (95% CI, 77.9–89.1). This protection increased over time. Conclusions Prior infection in patients with COVID-19 was highly protective against reinfection and symptomatic disease. This protection increased over time, suggesting that viral shedding or ongoing immune response may persist beyond 90 days and may not represent true reinfection. As vaccine supply is limited, patients with known history of COVID-19 could delay early vaccination to allow for the most vulnerable to access the vaccine and slow transmission.

scholarly journals Pulmonary function of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus induced-pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3447-3452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Lv ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
Linghong Mao ◽  
Jiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Incidence of Symptomatic Submucous Cleft Palate in the Netherlands: A Retrospective Cohort Study Over a Period of 22 Years

2020 ◽  
pp. 105566562097776
Author(s):  
Johannes A. Smit ◽  
Puck P. Mulder ◽  
Feike de Graaf ◽  
Bernadette S. de Bakker ◽  
Corstiaan C. Breugem
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
National Database ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Submucous Cleft Palate

Objective: To analyze the incidence of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) in a large national database and raise awareness among referring providers: pediatricians, speech pathologists, and dentists to minimize delay in diagnosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary setting. Patients: Patients were extracted from the “Dutch Association for Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies” database. A total of 6916 patients were included from 1997 until 2018 and divided into 2 groups (ie, SMCP versus cleft palate [CP]). Patients born before 1997 and adopted patients were excluded. Interventions: Clefts were classified as either hard of soft palatal involvement based on anatomical landmarks at first consultation. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were the patient characteristics in both groups (ie, gender, birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies). Secondary outcome was the time of diagnosis among subgroups. Results: In total, 532 patients were diagnosed with SMCP (7.7%). Birth weight, gestational age, and additional anomalies did not differ between subgroups, but there were more males in the SMCP group ( P < .001). The median age of diagnosis of the SMCP group was significantly higher than of the CP group (987 vs 27 days; P < .001). Over the course of 22 years, the time of diagnosis for SMCP did not decrease. Conclusion: Submucous cleft palate represents <10% of the Dutch cleft population and 19.4% of all CP. Time of diagnosis for SMCP is significantly longer when compared with time of diagnosis of CP, and this has not changed over the study period of 22 years.

Screening Rates for Primary Aldosteronism Among Individuals With Hypertension Plus Hypokalemia: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Hundemer ◽  
Haris Imsirovic ◽  
Anand Vaidya ◽  
Nicholas Yozamp ◽  
Rémi Goupil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications

Primary aldosteronism is a common, yet highly underdiagnosed, cause of hypertension that leads to disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension plus hypokalemia is a guideline-recommended indication to screen for primary aldosteronism, yet the uptake of this recommendation at the population level remains unknown. We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of adults ≥18 years old in Ontario, Canada, with hypertension plus hypokalemia (potassium <3.5 mEq/L) from 2009 to 2015 with follow-up through 2017. We measured the proportion of individuals who underwent primary aldosteronism screening via the aldosterone-to-renin ratio based upon hypokalemia frequency and severity along with concurrent antihypertensive medication use. We assessed clinical predictors associated with screening via Cox regression. The cohort included 26 533 adults of which only 422 (1.6%) underwent primary aldosteronism screening. When assessed by number of instances of hypokalemia over a 2-year time window, the proportion of eligible patients who were screened increased only modestly from 1.0% (158/15 983) with one instance to 4.8% (71/1494) with ≥5 instances. Among individuals with severe hypokalemia (potassium <3.0 mEq/L), only 3.9% (58/1422) were screened. Among older adults prescribed ≥4 antihypertensive medications, only 1.0% were screened. Subspecialty care with endocrinology (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52 [95% CI, 1.10–2.09]), nephrology (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.07–1.91]), and cardiology (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.14–1.70]) were associated with an increased likelihood of screening, whereas age (HR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94–0.96]) and diabetes (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50–0.89]) were inversely associated with screening. In conclusion, population-level uptake of guideline recommendations for primary aldosteronism screening is exceedingly low. Increased education and awareness are critical to bridge this gap.

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