Respiratory physiology/pulmonary gas exchange

2002 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Physiology

scholarly journals Gas Exchange Gamified: Teaching Respiration Physiology with a Novel Board Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Katie Wibking
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Board Game ◽  
Complex Component ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Respiration Physiology ◽  
Game Board

Pulmonary gas exchange is a complex component of respiratory physiology. For many students, the movement of unseen gases can seem abstract and confusing. The “Gas Exchange Game” is a novel board game designed for use in a second-semester anatomy and physiology course. Students apply textbook knowledge of the laws of gas exchange and use the game board and pieces to see concrete examples of how gases move in the human body.

A classic learning opportunity from Fenn, Rahn, and Otis (1946): the alveolar gas equation

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Curran-Everett
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Learning Opportunity ◽  
Data Graphics ◽  
Classic Paper

The alveolar gas equation, the focus of a classic paper by Fenn, Rahn, and Otis, provides a framework for understanding the mechanisms involved in pulmonary gas exchange as well as the limits of human performance. The classic 1946 paper by Fehn, Rahn, and Otis gives your students an opportunity to learn about the alveolar gas equation from the physiologists who pioneered it and demonstrates that mathematics and data graphics are fundamental tools with which to learn respiratory physiology. In this essay, I outline avenues of discovery by which your students can explore the alveolar gas equation. Meaningful learning stems from inspiration: to learn, you must be inspired to learn. If anyone can inspire learning in respiratory physiology, it is Wallace Fenn, Hermann Rahn, and Arthur Otis.

The physiological legacy of the Fenn, Rahn, and Otis school

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (10) ◽  
pp. L845-L851 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. West
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics

Extraordinary advances in respiratory physiology occurred between 1941 and 1956 in the Department of Physiology, University of Rochester. These were principally the result of a collaboration between Wallace Fenn, Hermann Rahn, and Arthur Otis. Remarkably, all three scientists had worked in very dissimilar areas of physiology before and, by their own admission, were largely ignorant of respiratory physiology. However, because of the exigencies of war they were brought together to study the physiology of pressure breathing. The result was that they laid much of the foundations of pulmonary gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics and some of their work is still cited today. In pulmonary gas exchange they exploited the new oxygen-carbon dioxide diagram; clarified the effects of changes of altitude, hyperventilation, and pressure breathing; and pioneered the analysis of ventilation-perfusion relationships. In respiratory mechanics, they carried out groundbreaking work on the pressure-volume behavior of the lung and chest wall and went on to analyze aspects of gas flow and work of breathing. This explosion of ideas from what initially appeared to be a poorly prepared group has lessons for us today.

Mechanisms of improvement in pulmonary gas exchange during isovolemic hemodilution

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Deem ◽  
Richard G. Hedges ◽  
Steven McKinney ◽  
Nayak L. Polissar ◽  
Michael K. Alberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

Severe anemia is associated with remarkable stability of pulmonary gas exchange (S. Deem, M. K. Alberts, M. J. Bishop, A. Bidani, and E. R. Swenson. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 240–246, 1997), although the factors that contribute to this stability have not been studied in detail. In the present study, 10 Flemish Giant rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated at a fixed minute ventilation. Serial hemodilution was performed in five rabbits by simultaneous withdrawal of blood and infusion of an equal volume of 6% hetastarch; five rabbits were followed over a comparable time. Ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) relationships were studied by using the multiple inert-gas-elimination technique, and pulmonary blood flow distribution was assessed by using fluorescent microspheres. Expired nitric oxide (NO) was measured by chemiluminescence. Hemodilution resulted in a linear fall in hematocrit over time, from 30 ± 1.6 to 11 ± 1%. Anemia was associated with an increase in arterial [Formula: see text] in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01 between groups). The improvement in O2 exchange was associated with reducedV˙a/Q˙heterogeneity, a reduction in the fractal dimension of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04), and a relative increase in the spatial correlation of pulmonary blood flow ( P = 0.04). Expired NO increased with anemia, whereas it remained stable in control animals ( P < 0.0001 between groups). Anemia results in improved gas exchange in the normal lung as a result of an improvement in overallV˙a/Q˙matching. In turn, this may be a result of favorable changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution, as assessed by the fractal dimension and spatial correlation of blood flow and as a result of increased NO availability.

Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Candidates for Surgical Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease

Respiration ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jebavý ◽  
J. Fabián ◽  
M. Henzlová ◽  
A. Belán
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Oxygen Uptake During Exercise in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Wanke ◽  
D. Formanek ◽  
M. Auinger ◽  
H. Zwick ◽  
K. Irsigler
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Ventilation-perfusion imbalance and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease staging severity

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodríguez-Roisin ◽  
Mitra Drakulovic ◽  
Diego A. Rodríguez ◽  
Josep Roca ◽  
Joan Albert Barberà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gold Stage ◽  
Stage 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and, in many advanced patients, by arterial hypoxemia with or without hypercapnia. Spirometric and gas exchange abnormalities have not been found to relate closely, but this may reflect a narrow range of severity in patients studied. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between pulmonary gas exchange and airflow limitation in patients with COPD across the severity spectrum. Ventilation-perfusion (V̇A/Q̇) mismatch was measured using the multiple inert gas elimination technique in 150 patients from previous studies. The distribution of patients according to the GOLD stage of COPD was: 15 with stage 1; 40 with stage 2; 32 with stage 3; and 63 with stage 4. In GOLD stage 1, AaPo2 and V̇A/Q̇ mismatch were clearly abnormal; thereafter, hypoxemia, AaPo2, and V̇A/Q̇ imbalance increased, but the changes from GOLD stages 1–4 were modest. Postbronchodilator FEV1 was related to PaO2 ( r = 0.62) and PaCO2 ( r = −0.59) and to overall V̇A/Q̇ heterogeneity ( r = −0.48) ( P < 0.001 each). Pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in COPD are related to FEV1 across the spectrum of severity. V̇A/Q̇ imbalance, predominantly perfusion heterogeneity, is disproportionately greater than airflow limitation in GOLD stage 1, suggesting that COPD initially involves the smallest airways, parenchyma, and pulmonary vessels with minimal spirometric disturbances. That progression of V̇A/Q̇ inequality with spirometric severity is modest may reflect pathogenic processes that reduce both local ventilation and blood flow in the same regions through airway and alveolar disease and capillary involvement.

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