Differential expression of SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component in triple negative breast cancer.

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding SPC25, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, SPC25, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). SPC25 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). SPC25 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of SPC25 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A type cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of SPC25 was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal androgen receptor subtype disease. SPC25 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.

Differential expression of NDC80, kinetochore complex component in triple negative breast cancer.

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding NDC80, kinetochore complex component, NDC80, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). NDC80 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). NDC80 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of NDC80 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like and luminal A subtype cancer, while within triple negative breast cancer, primary tumor expression of NDC80 was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like 1 subtype disease. NDC80 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.

Differential expression of SPC24, NDC80 kinetochore complex component in triple negative breast cancer.

Women diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer can benefit neither from endocrine therapy nor from HER2-targeted therapies (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding SPC24, NDC80 kinetochore complex component, SPC24, when comparing the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer to normal mammary ductal cells (2). SPC24 was also differentially expressed in bulk tumor in human breast cancer (3). SPC24 mRNA was present at significantly increased quantities in TNBC tumor cells relative to normal mammary ductal cells. SPC24 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of triple negative breast cancers.

Cross-Talks between the Cardiovascular Disease-Sarcopenia-Osteoporosis Triad and Magnesium in Humans

Magnesium (Mg) is a pivotal and very complex component of healthy aging in the cardiovascular-muscle-bone triad. Low Mg levels and low Mg intake are common in the general aging population and are associated with poorer outcomes than higher levels, including vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, or muscle dysfunction/sarcopenia. While Mg supplementation appears to reverse these processes and benefit the triad, more randomized clinical trials are needed. These will allow improvement of preventive and curative strategies and propose guidelines regarding the pharmaceutical forms and the dosages and durations of treatment in order to optimize and adapt Mg prescription for healthy aging and for older vulnerable persons with comorbidities.

Complex Component of Oncocytic and Non-Oncocytic Lipoadenomas in the Parotid Gland: A Case Report

Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the salivary gland is a rare tumor that develops mainly in the parotid gland. We report a case of oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland in a 70-year-old woman. The tumor measured 30 × 20 mm and had a well-circumscribed tan-brown surface. The tumor was histologically composed of oncocytic and lipomatous lesions without atypia. In addition to the oncocytic lipoadenoma, a small lipomatous tumor, measuring 10 × 7 mm, was found in the resected parotid gland. Macroscopically, this tumor was yellow and indistinguishable from the parotid gland. Microscopically, the tumor was rich in fats and contained an area of conglomerated duct-like proliferation and salivary gland components. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as a non-oncocytic lipoadenoma with a sialoadenoma component. We report the first case of double component oncocytic and non-oncocytic lipoadenomas of the salivary gland.

State dependent effects on the frequency response of prestin’s real and imaginary components of nonlinear capacitance

The outer hair cell (OHC) membrane harbors a voltage-dependent protein, prestin (SLC26a5), in high density, whose charge movement is evidenced as a nonlinear capacitance (NLC). NLC is bell-shaped, with its peak occurring at a voltage, Vh, where sensor charge is equally distributed across the plasma membrane. Thus, Vh provides information on the conformational state of prestin. Vh is sensitive to membrane tension, shifting to positive voltage as tension increases and is the basis for considering prestin piezoelectric (PZE). NLC can be deconstructed into real and imaginary components that report on charge movements in phase or 90 degrees out of phase with AC voltage. Here we show in membrane macro-patches of the OHC that there is a partial trade-off in the magnitude of real and imaginary components as interrogation frequency increases, as predicted by a recent PZE model (Rabbitt in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 17:21880–21888, 2020). However, we find similar behavior in a simple 2-state voltage-dependent kinetic model of prestin that lacks piezoelectric coupling. At a particular frequency, Fis, the complex component magnitudes intersect. Using this metric, Fis, which depends on the frequency response of each complex component, we find that initial Vh influences Fis; thus, by categorizing patches into groups of different Vh, (above and below − 30 mV) we find that Fis is lower for the negative Vh group. We also find that the effect of membrane tension on complex NLC is dependent, but differentially so, on initial Vh. Whereas the negative group exhibits shifts to higher frequencies for increasing tension, the opposite occurs for the positive group. Despite complex component trade-offs, the low-pass roll-off in absolute magnitude of NLC, which varies little with our perturbations and is indicative of diminishing total charge movement, poses a challenge for a role of voltage-driven prestin in cochlear amplification at very high frequencies.

PART ORIENTATION AND SEPARATION TO REDUCE PROCESS COSTS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Additive manufacturing offers great potential in geometric design through the layer-by-layer production of components. This is often used in the development of additively manufactured components to make components lighter. An even greater reduction in mass is possible if several components are combined into a more complex component. However, as complexity increases, so do the manufacturing costs, due to a higher demand for supporting structure, reworking and longer production time. Especially for complex components, which make poor use of the space available in the additive manufacturing system, component separation can be a useful way of reducing manufacturing costs. Therefore, a procedure for automated component separation is presented, which determines an optimal cutting plane with respect to the manufacturing costs. The presented procedure is evaluated using two exemplary components where a reduction of manufacturing costs up to 54 % could be achieved.