scholarly journals Brain metastases from patients with breast cancer coordinately down-regulate a network of collagen genes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Collagen Genes ◽  
The Brain

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and a leading cause of death for women (1). Metastasis, the spread of the cancer from the site of the primary tumor to a foreign site, is, in general, the reason why humans die from cancer (2). There are limited treatment options for women with metastatic breast cancer, which can spread from the breast to the brain (3). We compared the transcriptomes of 16 breast tumors to the transcriptomes of 16 brain metastases from the same patients using a published dataset (4). We discovered that 12 independent genes of the collagen family were among the genes whose expression was most different between primary breast tumors in humans and the brain metastases that they generate when considering the entire transcriptome. Each of these collagen genes were expressed at significantly lower levels in metastases to the brain than in tumors of the breast. The biology of collagen genes in the metastatic process in breast cancer should be evaluated as a novel therapeutic strategy in metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals MMP13 is differentially expressed and down-regulated in brain metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Brain

Brain metastases are a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. We found that the gene encoding the matrix metalloproteinase 13, MMP13, was among the genes most differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with brain metastatic breast cancer. MMP13 may be of relevance to the biology underlying metastasis to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer. MMP13 now joins MMP14, MMP11 and MMP2 among matrix metalloproteinases we have found to be differentially expressed and down-regulated in the brain metastases of humans with metastatic breast cancer (6-8).

scholarly journals FGF12 is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the fibroblast growth factor 12, encoded by FGF12, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. FGF12 mRNA expression was significantly higher in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Up-regulation of FGF12 expression may contribute to metastasis of tumor cells from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals C1R is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the complement component 1, r subcomponent, encoded by C1R, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. C1R mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Down-regulation of C1R expression may contribute to metastasis of tumor cells from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals TTF1 is a differentially expressed gene in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that transcription termination factor 1, encoded by TTF1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TTF1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TTF1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TTF1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals Palladin is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that palladin, encoded by PALLD, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. PALLD mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of PALLD in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of PALLD expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.

scholarly journals SPRY2 is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that sprouty homolog 2, encoded by SPRY2, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. SPRY2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SPRY2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of SPRY2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.

scholarly journals Tyrosine kinase BMX is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that tyrosine kinase BMX was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal and transformed breast tissues. BMX mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to normal breast tissues. Down-regulation of signals transduced by BMX may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals HIST1H2BE is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that histone cluster 1, H2be, encoded by HIST1H2BE, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. HIST1H2BE mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of HIST1H2BE expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals HIST1H3B is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that histone cluster 1, H3b (H3.1), encoded by HIST1H3B, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. HIST1H3B mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of HIST1H3B expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

scholarly journals C17orf60 is a differentially expressed gene in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahan Mamoor
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Brain

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that open reading frame 60 on chromosome 17, encoded by C17orf60, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. C17orf60 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of C17orf60 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient post-progression survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of C17orf60 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.

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