CD3E is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

Lymph Nodes ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the CD3 epsilon chain, a subunit of the T-cell receptor, encoded by CD3E was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of CD3E in metastasis to the brain. If not attributable to immune cell contamination of primary tumor tissue sampled, molecular functions and down-regulation of CD3E may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and these data suggest some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

SERPINF1 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/5cp7g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the serpin family F member 1, encoded by SERPINF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast. We observed significant down-regulation of SERPINF1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of SERPINF1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/egkx3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Short Stature ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that short stature homeobox 2, encoded by SHOX2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SHOX2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of short stature homeobox 2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

WISP2 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/emr45 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2, encoded by WISP2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of WISP2 in metastasis to the brain. Decreased expression of WISP2 in breast cancer cells has been described to promote invasive and stem-like characteristics (6, 7). Molecular functions and down-regulation of WISP2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Elastin is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/3uegy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that elastin, encoded by ELN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of ELN in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of elastin (6, 7), a molecule which confers elasticity to vertebrate tissues, may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain, and portends to loss of elasticity as a biophysical requirement for successful dissemination of metastasis in human breast cancer.

Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/e7yc5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, encoded by SPARC, also known as osteonectin, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SPARC in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich, a protein whose down-regulation appears to be critical for survival of ovarian cancer cells, may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Biglycan (BGN) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/h93pf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Primary Tumor ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that biglycan, encoded by BGN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of with patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Interestingly, biglycan was also among the genes most differentially expressed transcriptome-wide when comparing primary tumors of the breast to normal breast tissue. We observed significant down-regulation of biglycan in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of BGN may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests a role for changes in biglycan expression during a spectrum of transformation from benign tissue of the breast, primary tumor and finally to metastasis of the brain.

Spondin 1 (SPON1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/gydx4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that spondin 1, encoded by SPON1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SPON1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of spondin 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

AE binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/6ha5q ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that AE binding protein 1, encoded by AEBP1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of AEBP1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of AE binding protein 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Dihydropyrimidinase like 3 (DPYSL3) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/rks4g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the dihydropyrimidinase like 3, encoded by DPYSL3, also known as CRMP4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of DPYSL3 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of dihydropyrimidinase like 3 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

The prostaglandin E receptor 4 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/rsdy6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the prostaglandin E receptor 4, encoded by PTGER4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of PTGER4 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of PTGER4, described as a tumor suppressor in B-cells (6), may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.