Biglycan (BGN) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

Primary Tumor ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that biglycan, encoded by BGN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of with patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Interestingly, biglycan was also among the genes most differentially expressed transcriptome-wide when comparing primary tumors of the breast to normal breast tissue. We observed significant down-regulation of biglycan in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of BGN may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests a role for changes in biglycan expression during a spectrum of transformation from benign tissue of the breast, primary tumor and finally to metastasis of the brain.

SERPINF1 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/5cp7g ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the serpin family F member 1, encoded by SERPINF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast. We observed significant down-regulation of SERPINF1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of SERPINF1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/egkx3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Short Stature ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that short stature homeobox 2, encoded by SHOX2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SHOX2 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of short stature homeobox 2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

XCR1 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/gyqtf ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the receptor for chemokines XCL1 and XCL2, the X-C motif chemokine receptor 1, encoded by XCR1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). XCR1 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). XCR1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of XCR1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of XCR1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

WISP2 is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/emr45 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2, encoded by WISP2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of WISP2 in metastasis to the brain. Decreased expression of WISP2 in breast cancer cells has been described to promote invasive and stem-like characteristics (6, 7). Molecular functions and down-regulation of WISP2 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

Elastin is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/3uegy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that elastin, encoded by ELN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of ELN in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of elastin (6, 7), a molecule which confers elasticity to vertebrate tissues, may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain, and portends to loss of elasticity as a biophysical requirement for successful dissemination of metastasis in human breast cancer.

FOXD2 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/7m8ta ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the forkhead box D2, encoded by FOXD2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). FOXD2 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). FOXD2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of FOXD2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of FOXD2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Secretagogin is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/drzn7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Differentially Expressed Gene ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that secretagogin, encoded by SCGN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast (4). Secretagogin was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer (5). SCGN mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of SCGN in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of SCGN expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Spondin 1 (SPON1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/gydx4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that spondin 1, encoded by SPON1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of SPON1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of spondin 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

AE binding protein 1 (AEBP1) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/6ha5q ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that AE binding protein 1, encoded by AEBP1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast or normal breast tissue, respectively. We observed significant down-regulation of AEBP1 in metastasis to the brain. Molecular functions and down-regulation of AE binding protein 1 may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

CTC-338M12.4, an uncharacterized locus, is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/u5jmg ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that that an uncharacterized locus, CTC-338M12.4 (LOC101928649), was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. CTC-338M12.4 was also differentially expressed in primary tumors of the breast when compared to normal breast tissue. CTC-338M12.4 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in brain metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Molecular functions and up-regulation of CTC-338M12.4 may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.