Metagenomic data of three Covid19 patients submitted by NIAID Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch is from the gut - and not the lungs (BALF) as stated: Muribaculum is an intestinal microbe

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31219/osf.io/muxda ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Metagenomic Data ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome ◽

Registration Date ◽

F 31

The Covid19 anaerobic hypothesis states that SARS-Cov2 is enabling anaerobic bacteria to colonize the lungs, leading to Lemierre’s syndrome like symptoms [1]. However, the metagenomic data from 3 Covid19 patients (age M=40, F=20, F=31) submitted by NIAID Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch (Accid:PRJNA631287) is from the gut - and not lungs (BALF) as stated (Table 1). The Registration date of this sequencing data is : 8-May-2020. Muribaculum is an intestinal microbe [2] - and the microbe composition can be seen to be completely different from that in the lungs.The data size is very small - 5000 reads per patient. So this should be very easy to verify.

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A Case of Lemierre Syndrome Secondary to Otitis Media and Mastoiditis

Case Reports in Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/208960 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aynur Turan ◽

Harun Cam ◽

Yeliz Dadali ◽

Serdar Korkmaz ◽

Ali Özdek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Internal Jugular Vein ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Transverse Sinus ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Lemierre Syndrome ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Oropharyngeal Infection ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is a rare clinical condition that generally develops secondary to oropharyngeal infection caused byFusobacterium necrophorum, which is an anaerobic bacteria. A 62-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus presented with internal jugular vein and sigmoid sinus-transverse sinus thrombophlebitis, accompanying otitis media and mastoiditis that developed after an upper airway infection. Interestingly, there were air bubbles in both the internal jugular vein and transverse sinus. Vancomycin and meropenem were started and a right radical mastoidectomy was performed. The patient’s clinical picture completely resolved in 14 days. High mortality and morbidity may be prevented with a prompt diagnosis of Lemierre’s syndrome.

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Lemierre’s Syndrome: Recognising a Typical Presentation of a Rare Condition

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2015/797415 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James A. Coultas ◽

Neena Bodasing ◽

Paul Horrocks ◽

Anthony Cadwgan

Keyword(s):

Rare Complication ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Anticoagulation Therapy ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

Oropharyngeal Infection ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is a rare complication following an acute oropharyngeal infection. The aetiological agent is typically anaerobic bacteria of the genusFusobacterium. The syndrome is characterised by a primary oropharyngeal infection followed by metastatic spread and suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. If left untreated, Lemierre’s syndrome carries a mortality rate of over 90%. Whilst relatively common in the preantibiotic era, the number of cases of Lemierre’s syndrome subsequently declined with the introduction of antibiotics. With the increase of antibiotic resistance and a greater reluctance to prescribe antibiotics for minor conditions such as tonsillitis, there are now concerns developing about the reemergence of the condition. This increasing prevalence in the face of an unfamiliarity of clinicians with the classical features of this “forgotten disease” may result in the misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of this potentially fatal illness. This case report illustrates the delay in diagnosis of probable Lemierre’s syndrome in a 17-year-old female, its diagnosis, and successful treatment which included the use of anticoagulation therapy. Whilst there was a positive outcome, the case highlights the need for a suspicion of this rare condition when presented with distinctive signs and symptoms.

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Covid19 is nothing but Lemierre's syndrome - the "forgotten disease".

10.31219/osf.io/beqcz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

The Us ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

I will just quote Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemierre%27s syndrome. My words are in italics, everything else is Wikipedia.The bacteria causing the thrombophlebitis are anaerobic bacteria that are typically normal components of the microorganisms that inhabit the mouth and throat. Species of Fusobacterium, specifically Fusobacterium necrophorum, are most commonly the causative bacteria, but various bacteria have been implicated.Remember this paper - ”The usual anaerobic bacterial suspects extracted from a global metagenomic database of Covid19 patients from Peru, Cambodia, China, Brazil and the US - Prevotella, Veillonella, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Oribacterium and Bacteroides should be monitored for colonization”F. necrophorum produces hemagglutinin, so does Prevotella. So, only this time SARS-Cov2 is probably enabling Prevotella more, whatever be the reason. And this starts not in the peritonsillar region, but somewhere in the lungs - the abscess being enabled by the virus

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Lemierre’s Syndrome: Case Presentation of a Rare and Possibly Life-Threatening Condition

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57101102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1102

Author(s):

Lucian Giubelan ◽

Livia Dragonu ◽

Vlad Pădureanu ◽

Alexandru Neacșu ◽

Mirela Mănescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Oropharyngeal Infection ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

Lemierre’s syndrome is, presently, a very rare condition, but a life-threatening one. The syndrome was first described in 1936 by Andre Lemierre and comprises an oropharyngeal infection (most commonly associated with anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium necrophorum), internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and, possibly, secondary septic metastasis (common sites are lungs or brain). We describe such a rare case diagnosed at our Infectious Diseases Department in September 2019.

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Metagenome of Covid19 patient from Bangladesh corroborates the anaerobic colonization enabled by SAR-Cov2 with a novel, hard to culture, bacteria - Lawsonella clevelandensis - that is implicated in disease by causing abscesses

10.31219/osf.io/xtb7v ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Septic Shock ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

I have hypothesized [1] that SARS-Cov2 [2,3] enables anaerobic bacteria (Prevotella, et al) to colonize the lungs disrupting homeostasis. This finds resonance in the ‘forgotten disease’ Lemierre’s Syndrome [4–9,9,10], caused by anaerobic bacteria enabled by Epstein Barr Virus [11, 12]. Common symptoms include ARDS, septic shock, blood clots and arterial stroke [?,13–17]. A key difference is that Lemierre’s Syndrome originates in the jugular vein, while Covid19 starts from the lungs (possibly making it easier to treat).Here, metagenome from a Covid19 patient in Bangladesh Accid:PRJNA633241) is analyzed (Table 1). While, bacterial load is low (and this might be due to removal of reads), it corroborates the anaerobic domination with a novel anaerobic bacteria - Lawsonella clevelandensis - being implicated.

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Prevotella/Streptococcus and other anaerobes colonize the metagenome (nasopharyngeal swab) submitted by Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia in Covid19 patient, corroborating the hypothesis that SARS-Cov2 is enabling anaerobes

10.31219/osf.io/qn32v ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Barr Virus ◽

School Of Medicine ◽

Emory University ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

The hypothesis [1] that SARS-Cov2 [2,3] enables anaerobic bacteria (Prevotella, et al) to colonize the lungs disrupting homeostasis finds resonance in the ‘forgotten disease’ Lemierre’s Syndrome [4–9,9,10]. Lemierre’s Syndrome is also caused by anaerobic bacteria enabled by Epstein Barr Virus [11,12]. Symptoms common to both diseases include ARDS, septic shock, blood clots and arterial stroke [?,13–17]. Covid19 starts from the lungs (possibly making it easier to treat), in contrast to Lemierre’s Syndrome that originates in the jugular vein.Nasopharyngeal swab(Accid:SRR11829376)Here, metagenome from a Covid19 patient in Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia is analyzed (Table 1). Prevotella/Streptococcus and other anaerobes colonize the metagenome, corroborating the hy- pothesis that SARS-Cov2 is enabling anaerobes [1]. The bacterial load is quite high, the first five species comprise 70% of the load.Gut metageome (Accid:SRR11827437)Another sample shows Enterococcus colonization, and although the source of the sample is mentioned as nasopharyngeal swab, most of the bacteria are gut related (Table 2).

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation: enumerating studies of Lemierre’s syndrome and Covid19 to highlight the similarities between these diseases

10.31219/osf.io/54buf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Clotting Factors ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Excessive Bleeding ◽

Intravascular Coagulation ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a serious disorder characterized by small blood clots de- veloping throughout the bloodstream, blocking small blood vessels, depleting platelets and clotting factors leading to excessive bleeding. Lately, it is been reported that Covid19 is more of a vascular problem, than one of the lungs. Here, I enumerate studies of Lemierre’s syndrome with DIC, and also papers highlighting the Covid19 cases - this is based on my hypothesis that Covid19 is very similar to Lemierre’s Syndrome, wherein an anaerobic bacteria is enabled by a virus (SARS-Cov2/EBV) to form an abscess, from which a blood clot (carrying the bacteria) disseminates through the blood stream [1].

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