IGKC, the immunoglobulin kappa constant gene segment, is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Free Survival ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that Rab11 family-interacting protein 4, encoded by RAB11FIP4, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RAB11FIP4 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of RAB11FIP4 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival. Modulation of RAB11FIP4 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

TOM1L2 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/y4am3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Node Metastases ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the target of myb1-like 2, encoded by TOM1L2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TOM1L2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TOM1L2 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TOM1L2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

The gastrin releasing peptide, GRP, is differentially expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/5d2n9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

Microarray Data ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the gastrin releasing peptide, encoded by GRP, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Molecular functions of gastrin releasing peptide may be relevant to the processes by which tumor cells of the breast metastasize to the breast. Down-regulation of GRP may be an important event for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

Versican (VCAN) is differentially expressed in metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to the brain and to the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/w6pyq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Microarray Data ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican, encoded by VCAN, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the metastatic tumor tissues of patients with metastatic breast cancer, both in metastases to brain and to the lymph nodes when compared to primary tumors of the breast. Molecular functions (6-9) and down-regulation of VCAN may be important for metastasis of primary tumor-derived cancer cells to the lymph nodes and to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer, and suggests some level of common origin for metastases that reside in the lymph nodes and colonize the brain.

ASNSD1 is differentially expressed in brain metastatic human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/p589w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Asparagine Synthetase ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that asparagine synthetase domain containing 1, encoded by ASNSD1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. ASNSD1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of ASNSD1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient post-progression survival. Modulation of ASNSD1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

FGF12 is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/7e5wd ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Breast Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the fibroblast growth factor 12, encoded by FGF12, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. FGF12 mRNA expression was significantly higher in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Up-regulation of FGF12 expression may contribute to metastasis of tumor cells from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

C1R is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/p9eyr ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Normal Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Breast Tissues ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the complement component 1, r subcomponent, encoded by C1R, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues. C1R mRNA was present at significantly reduced quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Down-regulation of C1R expression may contribute to metastasis of tumor cells from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

NECAB3 is a differentially expressed gene in human metastatic breast cancer, in the brain and in the lymph nodes.

10.31219/osf.io/fx7vk ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 3, encoded by NECAB3, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain and lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. NECAB3 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of NECAB3 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of NECAB3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain while evading immune clearance in the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer.

TTF1 is a differentially expressed gene in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/cjksh ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that transcription termination factor 1, encoded by TTF1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. TTF1 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TTF1 in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of TTF1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain. These data are one piece of evidence suggesting a common ancestor or tumor clone for brain and lymph node metastases that originate from the primary tumor, alluding to patterns in developmental origin and migratory pathways through the lymph node in human brain metastatic breast cancer.

Palladin is differentially expressed in both lymph node and brain metastases in human breast cancer.

10.31219/osf.io/24u98 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shahan Mamoor

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Brain Metastases ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Metastatic Breast ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Human Breast ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that palladin, encoded by PALLD, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer. PALLD mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of PALLD in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Modulation of PALLD expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain.