scholarly journals Heading Toward Trusted ATCO-AI Systems: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Y. Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Explainable Ai ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Shed Light

The current review addresses emerging issues that arise from the creation of safe, beneficial, and trusted artificial intelligence–air traffic controller (AI-ATCO) systems for air traffic management (ATM). These issues concern trust between the human user and automated or AI tools of interest, resilience, safety, and transparency. To tackle these issues, we advocate the development of practical AI ATCO teaming frameworks by bringing together concepts and theories from neuroscience and explainable AI (XAI). By pooling together knowledge from both ATCO and AI perspectives, we seek to establish confidence in AI-enabled technologies for ATCOs. In this review, we present an overview of the extant studies that shed light on the research and development of trusted human-AI systems, and discuss the prospects of extending such works to building better trusted ATCO-AI systems. This paper contains three sections elucidating trust-related human performance, AI and explainable AI (XAI), and human-AI teaming.

Cognitive Performance for Multiple Operators in Complex Dynamic Airspace Systems: Computational Representation and Empirical Analyses

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Corker
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Mission Simulation

This paper presents a set of studies in full mission simulation and the development of a predictive computational model of human performance in control of complex airspace operations. NASA and the FAA have initiated programs of research and development to provide flight crew, airline operations and air traffic managers with automation aids to increase capacity in enroute and terminal area to support the goals of safe, flexible, predictable and efficient operations. In support of these developments, we present a computational model to aid design that includes representation of multiple cognitive agents (both human operators and intelligent aiding systems). The demands of air traffic management require representation of many intelligent agents sharing world-models, coordinating action/intention, and scheduling goals and actions in a potentially unpredictable world of operations. The operator-model structure includes attention functions, action priority, and situation assessment. The cognitive model has been expanded to include working memory operations including retrieval from long-term store, and interference. The operator's activity structures have been developed to provide for anticipation through knowledge of the intention and action of remote operators. System stability and operator actions can be predicted by using the model. The model's predictive accuracy was verified using the full-mission simulation data of commercial flight deck operations with advanced air traffic management techniques.

Information Manager for Determining Data Presentation Preferences in Future Enroute Air Traffic Management

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Duley ◽  
Scott M. Galster ◽  
Raja Parasuraman
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Adaptive Automation ◽  
Presentation Frequency ◽  
Traffic Manager

One proposed vision of the future National Airspace System (NAS) involves a change in philosophy from that of air traffic control to one of air traffic management, i.e. Free Flight. In order to accommodate this philosophy change, new technologies will be implemented to assist the air traffic manager (today's air traffic controller) in decision making. When enhancing the system we must also consider the interface between the air traffic manager and this new system and its corresponding new philosophy. To better determine the design of such an interface we must first understand the information needs of the air traffic manager. The present study investigated the information requirements of 58 enroute air traffic controllers. The controllers provided their preferences in presentation frequency as well as the importance of the information to be displayed. The results reveal the potential for adaptive automation as a form of information management.

Safety Culture and Safety-Relevant Behavior in Air Traffic Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Schwarz ◽  
K. Wolfgang Kallus
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Culture Development

Since 2010, air navigation service providers have been mandated to implement a positive and proactive safety culture based on shared beliefs, assumptions, and values regarding safety. This mandate raised the need to develop and validate a concept and tools to assess the level of safety culture in organizations. An initial set of 40 safety culture questions based on eight themes underwent psychometric validation. Principal component analysis was applied to data from 282 air traffic management staff, producing a five-factor model of informed culture, reporting and learning culture, just culture, and flexible culture, as well as management’s safety attitudes. This five-factor solution was validated across two different occupational groups and assessment dates (construct validity). Criterion validity was partly achieved by predicting safety-relevant behavior on the job through three out of five safety culture scores. Results indicated a nonlinear relationship with safety culture scales. Overall the proposed concept proved reliable and valid with respect to safety culture development, providing a robust foundation for managers, safety experts, and operational and safety researchers to measure and further improve the level of safety culture within the air traffic management context.

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