scholarly journals From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
Philip Dearden
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Measuring Outcomes

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered “successful” or effective on ecological and/or socio-economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-economic outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA management effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio-economic outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs – governance, management, and local development – that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs.

Evaluating the management effectiveness of marine protected areas at seven selected sites in the Philippines

Marine Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tupper ◽  
Furqan Asif ◽  
Len R. Garces ◽  
Michael D. Pido
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Management Effectiveness

scholarly journals An evolving protocol to identify key stakeholder-influenced indicators of coastal change: the case of Marine Protected Areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prassede Vella ◽  
Robert E. Bowen ◽  
Anamarija Frankic
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Coastal Change ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Stakeholder Input

Abstract Vella, P., Bowen, R. E., and Frankic, A. 2009. An evolving protocol to identify key stakeholder-influenced indicators of coastal change: the case of Marine Protected Areas. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 203–213. In recent years, there has been a growing realization of the need to protect and conserve degrading environments. This can only be achieved through integrated management of environmental protection and the rational use of living and non-living resources. However, no management plan that aims at sustainable development can be successful unless the human factor is included. The concept of ecosystem-based management considers socio-economic issues in evaluating management effectiveness. In this paper, we present a method for selecting and prioritizing socio-economic indicators, using a bottom-up approach involving stakeholder input. This technique is developed further to measure the effectiveness of integrated coastal management, using a Marine Protected Area (MPA) as an example. Stakeholder input is essential at an early stage to ensure MPA management success, providing the opportunity to include public participation and ensure community support. This paper presents a transparent and adaptable indicator ranking protocol and evaluative rules, ensuring that an ecosystem-based approach can be more effectively implemented.

Heterogeneity in fishers' and managers' preferences towards management restrictions and benefits in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY R. MCCLANAHAN ◽  
CAROLINE A. ABUNGE ◽  
JOSHUA E. CINNER
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
The Government

SUMMARYIncreasing the chances that resource users engage in and comply with management regulations is a continual problem for many conservation initiatives globally. This is particularly common when resource users perceive more personal costs than benefits from specific management actions. Analysis of interviews with managers and fishers from 22 landing sites along the coast of Kenya indicated how key stakeholders perceived the scale of benefits and costs from different management strategies. Potential underlying causes of divergent perceptions towards different management tools were evaluated, including marine protected areas, no-take fisheries closures, gear use, minimum size of fish caught and species restrictions. The analysis identified three distinct opinion groups: (1) a group of nine landing sites that scaled their preference for most management restrictions neutral to low, with exceptions for minimum sizes of captured fish and gear restrictions; (2) a group of eight landing sites that scaled their preference for the above and species restrictions and closed season higher, and were more neutral about closures and marine protected areas; and (3) a group containing four landing sites and the managers’ offices that rated their preference for the above and closed areas and marine protected areas as high. Logistic regression was used to examine whether these groups differed in wealth, education, age, perceptions of disparity in benefits, dependence on fishing and distance to government marine protected areas. The most frequent significant factor was the resource users’ perceived disparity between the benefits of the management to themselves and their communities, with the benefits to the government. Consequently, efforts to reduce this real or perceived disparity are likely to increase adoption and compliance rates. Most widespread positively-viewed restrictions, such as gear use and minimum size of fish, should be promoted at the national level while other restrictions may be more appropriately implemented at the community level.

scholarly journals Alien Species Threat across Marine Protected Areas of Turkey—An Updated Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Murat Bilecenoğlu ◽  
Melih Ertan Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Levantine Sea ◽  
Species Occurrences

This study presents the first comprehensive assessment of alien species occurrences within the selected 11 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the Aegean and Levantine coasts of Turkey. The inventory includes a total of 289 species belonging to 15 phyla, in which lowest and highest diversities were observed in Saros Bay MPA (27 species, northern Aegean Sea) and Fethiye-Göcek Bay MPA (150 species, northwest Levantine Sea), respectively. Alien species distributions that were revealed in protected areas located in the southern Aegean and Levantine Seas were 56.9% similar (based on presence vs. absence data), while northern Aegean sites formed another distinct group. According to the breakdown of major phyla through the entire study areas, Mollusca had the highest alien diversity (22.1% of alien species), followed by Actinopterygii (19.0%), Arthropoda (15.2%) and Annelida (13.5%). Casual aliens were represented by very low proportions in each MPA, proving that most species were already established in the region, with a significant proportion of invasive species. Regardless of the localities, the majority of the species originated from the Red Sea, whose primary pathway of introduction is the corridor, the Suez Canal. In the absence of effective management actions against bioinvasions, MPAs located along the Turkish coastline do not currently seem to provide any protection, revealing a large conservation gap to be filled.

scholarly journals Does the respondent’s role affect the final value of management effectiveness? The case of Brazilian marine protected areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Brandao ◽  
Wesley da Rocha ◽  
Cleverson Zapelini ◽  
Jessyca L. Teixeira ◽  
Alexandre Schiavetti
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Final Value

Marine Protected Areas in Fiji: a critical assessment of ‘Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans’ as a mechanism for formalising customary MPAs, in particular LMMAs

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Emily Long
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Community Fisheries ◽  
Marine Areas

Fiji's National Government has committed to using Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect its marine environment. As Fiji is in the process of reforming its marine law, now is an opportune time to develop statutory mechanisms for establishing and regulating MPAs. This article considers the regulation of MPAs in Fiji's coastal waters—where the intersection of statutory and customary law poses particular challenges. ‘Customary MPAs’ already exist in Fiji's coastal environments, taking the form of tabu areas and ‘Locally Managed Marine Areas’ (LMMAs). Both of these are important mechanisms that any new statutory framework should incorporate and strengthen. In 2010, the draft Inshore Fisheries Decree (draft Inshore Decree) was prepared. Although the draft Inshore Decree appears to have stalled, it may yet be progressed to a final bill. Alternatively, some of the measures in it may be incorporated into another law. This article assesses one mechanism in the draft Inshore Decree that could be used to formalize customary MPAs—Community Fisheries Management and Development Plans (CFMDPs). It finds that CFMDPs demonstrate a number of strengths, in particular by supporting legal recognition of existing marine management measures. However, there are also weaknesses. Nevertheless, with refinement CFMDPs may be a useful tool for regulating Fiji's coastal MPAs.

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