The perception of an image of the state forest enterprise by general public in chosen region of the Slovak Republic

This paper deals with the comparison of the general public perception and the opinion of state forest managers on image of the state forest enterprise. The research was organised during the period 2015–2019. One group of respondents involved all managers of 23 sub-enterprises of state forest enterprise Lesy SR. The other group consisted of 384 respondents representing the general public residing in the Banská Bystrica region. Structured questionnaire with one open and 16 closed questions was applied for data collection with a help of electronic means. Collected data were processed with descriptive (particularly frequency analysis) and two-dimensional statistical methods. The results of the image inquiry aimed at three issues: (i) perceptions of the forest management effectiveness of the state versus non-state forest enterprises, (ii) perception of marketing strategy and its tools of the state forest enterprise, and (iii) comparison between public awareness/experience with public relations activities of the state forest enterprise.

Pressões e ameaças em Unidades de Conservação federais da Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional, Nordeste do Brasil

A Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional caracteriza-se pelas fitofisionomias de Caatinga. Marcada pelas condições de seca, é um ambiente que apresenta diversas fragilidades ambientais. Estas podem ser intensificadas pelas pressões e ameaças aos recursos naturais. As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) são ferramentas importantes para preservação, porém muitas vezes tem sua efetividade reduzida devido à ação antrópica. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar as pressões e ameaças que permeiam quatro UCs federais da Depressão Sertaneja Setentrional, sendo duas Estações Ecológicas, ESEC de Aiuaba e ESEC de Seridó, e duas Florestas Nacionais, FLONA de Sobral e FLONA de Açu, localizadas no Ceará e no Rio Grande do Norte. Para análise foi aplicado aos gerentes das UC o módulo 2 do método RAPPAM, bem como foram realizadas visitas às unidades para acompanhamento das atividades de monitoramento e registro de tais pressões. Esse módulo avalia a criticidade de pressão e de ameaça, considerando a área de abrangência, impacto e permanência de 16 atividades. Ademais avalia a tendência da pressão e a probabilidade da ameaça. Foi possível observar que as atividades que mais se destacaram quanto as criticidades de pressão e ameaça foram: pastagem, processos seminaturais, presença de espécies exóticas e caça. Destarte, os trabalhos de planejamento, monitoramento e fiscalização podem ser intensificados visando minimizar esses problemas. Sugere-se avaliação e cumprimento do plano de manejo da ESEC de Seridó e FLONA de Açu, e a elaboração dos Planos de manejo das UCs: ESEC de Aiuaba e FLONA de Sobral para auxiliar o gerenciamento dessas pressões. Pressures and threats in federal Protected Areas of the Setentrional Sertaneja Depression, Northeastern BrazilA B S T R A C TThe Setentrional Sertaneja Depression is a semi-arid region of the Brazilian northeastern characterized by the Caatinga phytophysiognomies. This region is marked by drought conditions and is an environment that presents several environmental weaknesses. These can be intensified by pressures and threats on natural resources. Protected Areas (PA) are important areas of preservation, but their effectiveness is reduced due to anthropic action. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the pressures and threats that occur in four federal PA of the Setentrional Sertaneja Depression, being two Ecological Stations, ESEC of Aiuaba and ESEC of Seridó, and two National Forests, FLONA of Sobral and FLONA of Açu, located in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. For the analysis was apllied the module 2 of RAPPAM method. Visits were made to the PA to following the monitoring and recording of such pressures. This module assesses the criticality of pressure and threat, considering the area of coverage, impact and permanence of 16 activities. In addition, it assesses the pressure trend and the likelihood of the threat. It was observed that the activities that stood out the most in terms of pressure and threat criticisms were: pasture, semi-natural processes, exotic species and hunting. Thus, planning, monitoring and inspection work can be intensified in order to minimize these problems. It is suggested to evaluate compliance with the management plan of ESEC of Seridó and FLONA of Açu, and the creation of PA management plans: ESEC of Aiuabaand FLONA of Sobral to assist in the management of these pressures.Keywords: Protected areas, Caatinga, Criticality, Management effectiveness.

Temporal performance of the management effectiveness of a protected area in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, São Paulo, Brazil

This work presents the monitoring of the effectiveness of the management of the Morro do Diabo State Park, Sao Paulo, Brazil, during fourteen years (2002-2016), divided into six-time cuts for which management effectiveness indices were obtained. This protected area (PA) of category II of the World Conservation Union is responsible for the conservation of important species of Brazilian biodiversity, especially the leonthopitecus chrysopygus, which until the 1980s was considered the most endangered primate of the planet and which this park has its largest free population in nature. The methodological procedure used was an adaptation of the one proposed by Cifuentes, Izurieta, and Faria (2000), commonly denominated EMAP, an acronym of the initials in Spanish. The results indicate that at the beginning of the analyzed period the AP had reasonable conditions for its management, although it presented difficulties related to planning and administration, problems solved from a joint organizational and local effort, prioritizing actions for results. The management quality standard gradually increased, with a greater perception of the scope of the area's management objectives, since in addition to the ecosystem services resulting from its existence, the PA started to offer real benefits to the community by improving and increasing public use and environmental education, for example. However, the effectiveness of management has decreased to previous levels, having as main factors endogenous aspects of the management system linked to indicators limited to management, with repercussions on other management components.

АНАЛІЗ УПРАВЛІННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЮ ПІДСИСТЕМОЮ ТОВ «ЛУКМІ УКРАЇНА»

The article provides insights into the specifics and key management patterns related to the socio-psychological subsystem of a consulting company. According to current standards, the study offers an assessment on social responsibility of the consulting company along with suggesting argument on the need to implement socially responsible programs and activities to enhance the competitiveness of LUKMI UKRAINE Ltd consulting company. The hypothesis of the study is based on the statement that given the research results, tackling interpersonal relationships is critically important for the organization, since conflicts and misunderstandings between colleagues may translate into derailing of strategic planning and create barriers to attaining goals. Accordingly, a study of human behavior psychology will facilitate management regulation process which in turn might contribute to attaining better management performance and boost management effectiveness. The purpose of the research is to identify the role and significance of studying modern practices in managing a company socio-psychological subsystem in the context of the national economy development and the realia of structural and innovative transformations. To attain the research objectives, the following methods have been employed: dialectical, structural and systemic methods – to build a structural and logical model to ensure effective management of socio-psychological subsystem of the enterprise, historical and systemic approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction techniques – to explore the conceptual paradigm of company management. The study presents the structure and the nature of the company socio-psychological subsystem and the specifics of its successful application to foster further business development and attaining its strategic objectives – financial, structural, etc. The research findings demonstrate that better understanding by management of the content and structural elements of the consulting company socio-psychological subsystem, and good managerial skills in harnessing socio-psychological management methods to implement their executive managerial power will contribute to enhancing the current practices of the consulting company in managing the socio-psychological subsystem.

Management Effectiveness Evaluation of World Cultural Landscape Heritage: Case From China

World cultural landscape heritage (WCLH), recognized as combinations of cultural relic and natural landscape with outstanding significance and universal value, is unique in terms of differing from the human deliberate creativity of general cultural heritage and the "de-artificialization" of natural heritage. So far, the management of WCLH has become increasingly standardized. However, with the prevalence of heritage resources development activities like heritage tourism, the phenomenon of "urbanization", "commercialization", "artificialization" and other issues have gradually emerged in WCLH sites. Such that, the management issues of WCLH have turned increasingly serious, leading to intense concerns about unsustainable development of WCLH. Drawing inspirations from management effectiveness (ME) evaluation research of protected areas and acknowledging the uniqueness of WCLH, this study constructs a WCLH ME evaluation system of four general criteria (management foundation, management system, management measures and management performance), sixteen factors and thirty-four indicators. The evaluation system is applied and verified through an empirical study of five existing WCLH sites of China. The empirical results show that the ME of Chinese WCLH is at "good" level. Specifically, the management of Chinese WCLH is overall impressive in indicators of management planning making, heritage protection performance and economic performance, but shows deficiency in indicators of protection fee, management infrastructure, management assessment, management institution, social performance, etc. In the final, this study discusses the management issues of respective heritage sites so as to provide suggestions and inspirations for the development, protection and management of the sites and other cultural landscapes in China and even the world.

Southeast Asian protected areas are effective in conserving forest cover and forest carbon stocks compared to unprotected areas

Protected areas aim to conserve nature, ecosystem services, and cultural values; however, they have variable success in doing so under high development pressure. Southeast Asian protected areas faced the highest level of human pressure at the turn of the twenty-first century. To estimate their effectiveness in conserving forest cover and forest carbon stocks for 2000–2018, we used statistical matching methods to control for the non-random location of protected areas, to compare protection against a matched counterfactual. We found Southeast Asian protected areas had three times less forest cover loss than similar landscapes without protection. Protected areas that had completed management reporting using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) conserved significantly more forest cover and forest carbon stocks than those that had not. Management scores were positively associated with the level of carbon emissions avoided, but not the level of forest cover loss avoided. Our study is the first to find that METT scores could predict the level of carbon emissions avoided in protected areas. Given that only 11% of protected areas in Southeast Asia had completed METT surveys, our results illustrate the need to scale-up protected area management effectiveness reporting programs to improve their effectiveness for conserving forests, and for storing and sequestering carbon.

Application of Korean Framework of Wetland Management Effectiveness Evaluation

This study applies the Korean framework of wetland management effectiveness evaluation for national wetland protected areas to obtain key insights into developing national wetland management policy. The quantitative evaluation framework was based on the basic evaluation framework of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, reflecting the characteristics of South Korea's wetland management policy. The framework comprises a total of 29 evaluation and 21 detailed items. Through the first quantitative evaluation of the entire target sites, a statistical analysis of the evaluation results was performed in line with management characteristics. The second and third qualitative evaluations, conducted by external research teams, were conducted after selecting a pilot target site for each group. After evaluation, the sites were divided into three groups: Group B showed the highest average values in all sectors of design, appropriateness, and delivery. The management effects in the pilot sites were, 43.9% in Yongneup of Mt. Daeam, 37.4% in Damyang riverine wetlands, and 58.9% in Upo wetlands, compared to the ideal management level. As a result, four important suggestions are derived. First, management effectiveness evaluation should consider national environmental and management policy characteristics based on an international framework. Second, an integrated management system should be established. Third, stakeholders should participate in building governance. Fourth, the participation of external experts is essential.