scholarly journals Marine tethysuchian crocodyliform from the ?Aptian-Albian (Early Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight, England

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Young ◽  
Lorna Steel ◽  
Davide Foffa ◽  
Trevor Price ◽  
Darren Naish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geological Range

A marine tethysuchian crocodyliform from the Isle of Wight, most likely from the Upper Greensand Formation (late Albian, Early Cretaceous), is described. However, we cannot preclude it being from the Ferruginous Sands Formation (late Aptian), or more remotely, the Sandrock Formation (late Aptian-early Albian). The specimen consists of the anterior region of the right dentary, from the tip of the dentary to the incomplete fourth alveolus. This specimen increases the known geological range of marine tethysuchians back into the late Early Cretaceous. While we refer it to Tethysuchia incertae sedis, there are seven anterior dentary characteristics which suggest a possible relationship with the Maastrichtian-Eocene clade Dyrosauridae. We also review 'middle' Cretaceous marine tethysuchians, including putative Cenomanian dyrosaurids. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to be certain that any known Cenomanian specimen can be safely referred to Dyrosauridae, as there are some cranial similarities between basal dyrosaurids and Cenomanian-Turonian marine 'pholidosaurids'. Future study of middle Cretaceous tethysuchians could help unlock the origins of Dyrosauridae and improve our understanding of tethysuchian macroevolutionary trends.

Reasoning and Lapses in James’ The Will to Believe

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-399
Author(s):  
Jonathan Adler
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Of Belief ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ethics Of Belief

James’ The Will to Believe is the most influential writing in the ethics of belief. In it, James defends the right and rationality to believe on non-evidential grounds. James’ argument is directed against Clifford’s “Evidentialism” presented in The Ethics of Belief in which Clifford concludes that “[i]t is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence”. After an overview of the James-Clifford exchange and James’ argument, I reconstruct his argument in detail. Subsequently, I examine four steps in James’ argument, and try to show that these amount to fallacies – enticing to reason, but not cogent.

An account of the great Derbyshire denudation. By Mr. J. Farey, Sen. In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. P. R. S

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
The South ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Gypsum Rock ◽  
The Right

It is now well known, says Mr. Farey, to many observers in geology, that the clay strata on which the metropolis is situated, extend north-eastward through Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, and are incumbent on the great chalk stratum, which reaches from the Isle of Wight to Flamboro’-head; and that these, as well as many subjacent strata that are known, dip in general to the south-east, and basset out, or appear at the surface in succession, to any one travelling toward the N. W., until he has passed certain strata of lias, clay, and sand. Beneath these, says the author, are found marks of an immense stratum of red marl, which seems (to him) to have extended over all the remainder of the British islands. In this stratum are contained local strata of gypsum, rock salt, sand, micaceous gritstone, &c.: to this stratum also, according to the author, belong the great nodules of slate, green stone, sienite, basalt, &c. that form hills or mountains, intersected by mineral veins, in the western parts of the kingdom. In many parts, however, the red marl itself is no longer found; but instead of it various strata, subjacent to it, have been elevated to a considerable height, and subsequently denudated by the operation of water, as observed by Dr. Richardson, in his remarks upon the basaltic comities of Antrim and Derry in Ireland.

Paronchocerca struthionus n.sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from ostriches (Struthio camelus), with a redescription of Paronchocerca ciconiarum Peters, 1936 and a review of the genus

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Bartlett ◽  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Glandular Oesophagus ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
As Species ◽  
The Right ◽  
Species Inquirendae ◽  
Adaptive Zone

Paronchocerca struthionus n.sp. (Onchocercidae: Splendidofilariinae) from the lungs of Struthio camelus L. (Struthionidae) from West Africa has a long, sacculate glandular oesophagus similar to that of Paronchocerca limboonkengi (Hoeppli and Hsü, 1929) n.comb. (= Lemdana limboonkengi), P. bambusicolae, P. tonkinensis, and P. sonini. It can be distinguished by delicate annular cuticular thickenings and, in the male, a preanal hypodermal swelling, three pairs of circumanal papillae, and the length of the right spicule in relation to the length of the tail. Also, lateral, postanal papillae are absent, although inconspicuous subterminal papillae are present. Paronchocerca ciconiarum Peters, 1936, the type species, is redescribed on the basis of material from the pulmonary arteries of Leptoptilus crumeniferus (Lesson) (Ciconiidae) from Uganda. Seventeen valid species are recognized in the genus. Paronchocerca sanguinisardeae, P. choprai, and P. badamii are regarded as species inquirendae and P. alii, as a species incertae sedis. Among larger avian filarioid genera, Paronchocerca appears unique in that each species seems restricted to a single family of birds. Paronchocerca may have become established in early Ornithurae and subsequently persisted in some of the "primitive" birds, as well as having transferred to "modern" groups which now occupy the aquatic adaptive zone originally occupied by the earliest Ornithurae. Paronchocerca apparently has been largely unsuccessful in transferring to other modern groups.

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical analysis of the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches to the third ventricle

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Vitorino Araujo ◽  
José C. E. Veiga ◽  
Hung Tzu Wen ◽  
Almir F. de Andrade ◽  
Manoel J. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Longitudinal Diameter

OBJECTIVEAccess to the third ventricle is a veritable challenge to neurosurgeons. In this context, anatomical and morphometric studies are useful for establishing the limitations and advantages of a particular surgical approach. The transchoroidal approach is versatile and provides adequate exposure of the middle and posterior regions of the third ventricle. However, the fornix column limits the exposure of the anterior region of the third ventricle. There is evidence that the unilateral section of the fornix column has little effect on cognitive function. This study compared the anatomical exposure afforded by the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach with that of the transchoroidal approach. In addition, a morphometric evaluation of structures that are relevant to and common in the 2 approaches was performed.METHODSThe anatomical exposure provided by the transcallosal-transchoroidal and transcallosal-transforniceal-transchoroidal approaches was compared in 8 fresh cadavers, using a neuronavigation system. The working area, microsurgical exposure area, and angular exposure on the longitudinal and transversal planes of 2 anatomical targets (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct) were compared. Additionally, the thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma, thickness of the corpus callosum trunk, and longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen were measured. The values obtained were submitted to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test.RESULTSIn the quantitative evaluation, compared with the transchoroidal approach, the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provided a greater mean working area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 150 ± 11 mm2; transchoroidal 121 ± 8 mm2; p < 0.05), larger mean microsurgical exposure area (transforniceal-transchoroidal 101 ± 9 mm2; transchoroidal 80 ± 5 mm2; p < 0.05), larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the tuber cinereum (transforniceal-transchoroidal 71° ± 7°; transchoroidal 64° ± 6°; p < 0.05), and larger mean angular exposure area on the longitudinal plane for the cerebral aqueduct (transforniceal-transchoroidal 62° ± 6°; transchoroidal 55° ± 5°; p < 0.05). No differences were observed in angular exposure along the transverse axis for either anatomical target (tuber cinereum and cerebral aqueduct; p > 0.05). The mean thickness of the right frontal lobe parenchyma was 35 ± 3 mm, the mean thickness of the corpus callosum trunk was 10 ± 1 mm, and the mean longitudinal diameter of the interventricular foramen was 4.6 ± 0.4 mm. In the qualitative assessment, it was noted that the transforniceal-transchoroidal approach led to greater exposure of the third ventricle anterior region structures. There was no difference between approaches in the exposure of the structures of the middle and posterior region.CONCLUSIONSThe transforniceal-transchoroidal approach provides greater surgical exposure of the third ventricle anterior region than that offered by the transchoroidal approach. In the population studied, morphometric analysis established mean values for anatomical structures common to both approaches.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Conal Coronary Artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Milica Jesic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Revascularization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

The right conal (conus) artery either presents as the first ventricular branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) or arises directly from the aorta, in which case, it is considered the third coronary artery (TCA). Morphometric characterization of this artery is important for interpretation of coronarography, surgical revascularization of myocardium and embryological interpretations. Eight out of 23 hearts presented the TCA (34.8%). The difference in the frequency of the TCA between the sexes was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In all the specimens, the ostium of the TCA was to the left of and superior to the ostium of the RCA. The supernumerary (third) coronary artery formed Vieussens' arterial ring in 50% of the cases with the TCA, while the conal branch of the RCA formed the anastomosis with the conal branch at a higher frequency (63% of the cases). The ratio of external diameters of the RCA and TCA was 2.84 ±0.78, while the ratio of external diameters of the RCA and its conal branch was 2.61±0.74. The difference in the ratios was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There were no findings indicating that the presence of the TCA could be detrimental or advantageous when compared to the classical coronary scheme (right and left coronary arteries originating from the aortic sinuses). Based solely on the TCA's morphological features, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the presence of the TCA per se, is associated with a known clinical or disease state.

scholarly journals Earwigs (Dermaptera) from the Mesozoic of England and Australia, described from isolated tegmina, including the first species to be named from the Triassic

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Kelly ◽  
Andrew J. Ross ◽  
Edmund A. Jarzembowski
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Early Jurassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACTDermaptera (earwigs) are described from the Triassic of Australia and England, and from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of England. Phanerogramma heeri (Giebel) is transferred from Coleoptera and it and Brevicula gradus Whalley are re-described. Seven new taxa are named based on tegmina: Phanerogramma australis sp. nov. and P. dunstani sp. nov. from the Late Triassic of Australia; P. gouldsbroughi sp. nov. from the Triassic/Jurassic of England; Brevicula maculata sp. nov. and Trivenapteron moorei gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic of England; and Dimapteron corami gen et sp. nov. and Valdopteron woodi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous of England. Phanerogramma, Dimapteron and Valdopteron are tentatively placed in the family Dermapteridae, and Trivenapteron is incertae sedis. Most of the specimens of Phanerogramma heeri are from the Brodie Collection and labelled ‘Lower Lias'; however, some were collected from the underlying Penarth Group, thus this species spans the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. The palaeobiogeography of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of England is discussed.

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