scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Conal Coronary Artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Stankovic ◽  
Milica Jesic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Surgical Revascularization ◽  
The Third ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

The right conal (conus) artery either presents as the first ventricular branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) or arises directly from the aorta, in which case, it is considered the third coronary artery (TCA). Morphometric characterization of this artery is important for interpretation of coronarography, surgical revascularization of myocardium and embryological interpretations. Eight out of 23 hearts presented the TCA (34.8%). The difference in the frequency of the TCA between the sexes was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In all the specimens, the ostium of the TCA was to the left of and superior to the ostium of the RCA. The supernumerary (third) coronary artery formed Vieussens' arterial ring in 50% of the cases with the TCA, while the conal branch of the RCA formed the anastomosis with the conal branch at a higher frequency (63% of the cases). The ratio of external diameters of the RCA and TCA was 2.84 ±0.78, while the ratio of external diameters of the RCA and its conal branch was 2.61±0.74. The difference in the ratios was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There were no findings indicating that the presence of the TCA could be detrimental or advantageous when compared to the classical coronary scheme (right and left coronary arteries originating from the aortic sinuses). Based solely on the TCA's morphological features, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the presence of the TCA per se, is associated with a known clinical or disease state.

scholarly journals The right of the stronger: The play Sisyphus and critias

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Ivan Jordovic
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constant Interest

The Focus of this study is the standpoint of the play Sisyphus and critias the leader of the thirty towards the right of the stronger. this is a question of constant interest in scientific circles, since its answer can serve as the indicator of the influence this famous theory has had. this interest has been encouraged by the fact that critias? authorship of the play is questionable. however, the question of the author is not of primary importance for this article, because there are some arguments, among some well known ones, which were not considered and which Show that in this satire, regardless of the author and the purpose of this fragment, the right of the stronger is actually non-existant. the first argument to support this theory is that nomosphysis antithesis is nowhere explicitly mentioned although it is the crucial element of the right of the stronger. in addition there is no claim in the play that the exploitation of the strong by the week or by law accrued. the second argument is that despite the incapability of laws to prevent the secret injustice, they and their importance for the human society are depicted in a positive light. it should also be noted that, unlike callicles and glaucon, laws are created to stop the bad and not the good. the third argument is that the invention of religion is accepted as a positive achievement, which finally enables the overcoming of primeval times and lawlessness. the reflection of this argument is a positive characterization of the individual who invented the fear of gods. the fourth argument, which has not been taken into consideration so far is the way the supporters and opponents of lawlessness are described and marked as ????? and ?????? in the satire only physically strong are considered as strong as opposed to callicles, where they are also spiritually superior. intelectually superior in Sisyphus is the inventor of the fear of gods who is also in favor of law and order. the fact that the strong are described as kako? while the supporter of law are recognized as ?????? is also of great importance. in other words, this division re?ects strong influence of aristocratic set of values by which the ?????? are in every way superior to the ?????. some other indications Show that critias cannot be listed as a advocate of the right of the stronger regardless of our previous conclusion about the play. we need to bear in mind the fact that critias has only recently been linked with the theory of the right of the stronger. in the classical period there had been non attempt to explain his ruthless politics in Athens 404/403 BC by Means of the right of the stronger. what is more, no indication that he supported this theory were found. unlike xenophon and philostratus, it is very likely that Plato and Aristotle were mild to critias Due to his family ties with Plato and his friendship with Socrates. however, all the four of them would have stated that critias was an upholder of the right of the stronger if he had actually been that. that way Socrates would have been completely acquitted of the responsibility for the crimes critias had committed, because of the possible assertion that critias was misled by this theory and succumbed to the negative influence of the sophistic teachings. based on these arguments we can conclude that there is no trace of the right of the stronger in the play Sisyphus and that critias did not support this theory. this satirical play and critias were Most probably under a great influence of aristocratic beliefs, which were often scientifically misinterpreted as the reflection of the right of the stronger.

scholarly journals Familiarity Changes as a Function of Perceptual Shifts

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Algarabel ◽  
Alfonso Pitarque
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Additional Phase

This experiment compares the yes-no and forced recognition tests as methods of measuring familiarity. Participants faced a phase of 3 study-test recognition trials in which they studied words using all the letters of the alphabet (overlapping condition, O), and an additional phase in which targets and lures did not share any letters (non-overlapping condition, NO). Finally, subjects performed a forced-choice task in which they had to choose one of two new words, each from one of the subsets (Parkin et al., 2001). Results in the NO condition were better than in the O condition in the yes-no recognition test, while the forced-choice rate was significantly higher than .50, showing their sensitivity to familiarity. When the letter set of the words for study in the third list of the NO condition was switched, the difference between NO and O conditions disappeared in yes-no test, while the force-choice rate was not higher than .50. We conclude that both the yes-no test and the forced-choice test are valid and equivalent measures of familiarity under the right conditions.

scholarly journals Perioperative observations of different bypass modes of a right coronary system based on instantaneous blood flow during the operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Zhao ◽  
Chun Fu ◽  
Li-xue Zhang ◽  
Guo-dong Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Sequential Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: With the ageing of China's population, the incidence and mortality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is increasing year by year, which brings a heavy burden to the family and society [1]. We aimed to analyse the strategy of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the right coronary artery and to compare the haemodynamic characteristics of the sequential grafts with those of single grafts and to observe the patency rate of those grafts for one week after the operation.Methods: A total of 242 patients (178 men, mean age 62.6±8.8 years) underwent right coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from October 2016 to January 2019. The blood flow (Q, ml/min), pulsatility index (PI) and related parameters of the grafts were measured and recorded by TTFM during the CABG. The patency of the grafts was evaluated by coronary computed tomography (CT) for one week after the operation. Results: The most common material used for the graft in the right coronary system of CABG is the greater saphenous vein (92.3%), followed by the radial artery (5.5%) and the internal mammary artery (1.9%). The highest frequency target of the right coronary artery is the posterior descending artery (PDA) (47.6%), followed by the right main coronary artery (RCA) (29.1%) and the posterior branch of the left ventricle (PL) (23.3%). The proportion of single grafts was the highest for the right coronary artery in CABG (178 cases, 67.9%), followed by a graft of the PDA-PL (42 cases, 16.0%) and other sequential grafts among the different coronary artery systems (including the system of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex (LCX)). Whether there were sequential grafts of the PDA-PL or other sequential grafts among the different systems of the coronary artery, the instantaneous flow of a group of sequential grafts was higher than that of a single graft, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the flow between the groups of sequential grafts (P = 0.410). Diastolic flow (DF) in the group of sequential grafts of the right coronary system was better than that in the non-sequential group (P < 0.001), and the difference had statistical significance. There was no significant difference between the DF of the groups of the other system of sequential grafts and that of the right coronary sequential grafts. Coronary artery CT suggested that there were 11 cases of poorly developing grafts or stenosis and occlusion a week after the operation, and those phenomenon mainly occurred in the group with a single graft. There was only one case that was occluded in the group of other systems of sequential grafts, and statistically significant differences existed between the two groups (P < 0.01).Conclusions: In our centre, the most common form of CABG in the right coronary artery system is a non-sequential vein bridge to the PDA. Whether there are sequential grafts of the PDA-PL or other sequential grafts among the different coronary artery systems, the instantaneous flow of a group of sequential grafts is higher than that of a single graft. DF in the group of sequential grafts of the right coronary system was better than that in the non-sequential group.

scholarly journals Perioperative observation and study of blood flow of different bypass form in right coronary artery bypass grafting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Zhao ◽  
Chun Fu ◽  
Li-xue Zhang ◽  
Guo-dong Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: With the aging of China's population, the incidence and mortality of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) are increasing year by year, which brings a heavy burden to the family and society [1]. To analyse the strategy of Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in right coronary artery. To compare hemodynamic characteristics of the sequential grafts with those of single grafts and observe the patency rate of those grafts for one week after-operation.Methods: A total of 242 patients (178 male, mean age 62.6±8.8 years ) underment the right coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from October 2016 to January 2019 were collected. The blood flow (Q, ml/min) and pulsatility index (PI) and related parameters of grafts are measured and recorded by TTFM in CABG.The patency of grafts were evaluated by coronary computed tomography(CT) for one week after operation.Results: The most common material of graft in right coronary system of CABG is great saphenous vein(92.3%), followed by the radial artery and internal mammary artery. The highest frequency target of right coronary artery is posterior descending artery (PDA)(47.6%),followed by the Right main coronary artery (RCA )(29.1%) and Posterior branch of left ventricle (PL)(23.3%).The proportion of single graft is the largest in right coronary artery in CABG(178 cases，67.9%),followed by the proportion of the graft of PDA-PL (42cases，16.0%) and other sequential grafts among the different coronary artery system (including the system of Left anterior descending artery (LAD) and Left Circumflex (LCX)).The research shows that whether the sequential grafts of PDA-PL or with other sequential grafts among the different system of coronary artery the instantaneous flow of group of sequential grafts is higher than that of single graft, and the difference has statistical significance (P < 0.01) .But there was no statistical difference of the flow between groups of sequential grafts (P = 0.410).Diastolic flow (DF) in the group of sequential grafts of right coronary system is better than that in non-sequential group (P < 0.001), and the difference has statistical significance. There was no statistical difference between the DF of groups of other system of sequential grafts and that of right coronary sequential grafts .Coronary artery CT suggests that there was 11 cases existing poor development grafts or stenosis and occlusion in week after operation,and those phenomenon mainly occurred in the group of a single graft.There was only one case which be occluded in the group of other systems of sequential grafts, and statistically significant difference existed between two groups (P < 0.01).Conclusions: The most common form of CABG in right coronary artery system is non-sequential vein bridge to PDA in our center. Whether the sequential grafts of PDA-PL or other sequential grafts among the different coronary artery system the instantaneous flow of group of sequential grafts is higher than that of single graft. DF in the group of sequential grafts of right coronary system is better than that in non-sequential group.

scholarly journals Specific morphological characteristics of the coronary arteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
V. Ispas ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
R. Baz ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Posterior Surface ◽  
Circumflex Artery ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marginal Artery ◽  
The Right

Abstract In 68% of cases, the left coronary ostium is at the free edge of the left sigmoid valve in 22% of cases over the edge of the valve and in 8% of cases under the free edge of the valve. In 56% of cases, the right coronary ostium is at the free edge of the left sigmoid valve in 28% of cases over the edge of the valve and in 16% of cases under the free edge of the valve. We found 5 cases with two right coronary ostium and 2 cases with two left coronary ostium. We found that in 38% of cases, the left coronary artery ends in three branches, such as anterior interventricular, circumflex and left marginal arteries, in rest of the cases, the left coronary artery ending by two branches like the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries in which case the marginal artery originate from circumflex artery and rarely from anterior interventricular artery, or both, in this last case the left marginal artery being double. We found only 8 cases in which the circumflex artery ends as posterior interventricular artery in rest of the cases being represented by the right coronary artery end. Circumflex artery ends by two branches quite often and rarely with three branches which can sometimes be long, down to near the apex of the heart. In 8% of cases, the circumflex artery was less developed and do not vascularize other than the left side of the posterior surface of the left ventricle, sometimes his terminal ramus being left marginal artery. The right coronary artery frequently ends on diaphragmatic surface of the heart either as a single branch in posterior interventricular groove, by bifurcation or even rarely by trifurcation, when one or two branches are located in the posterior interventricular groove. Sometimes the right coronary artery ends on the posterior surface of the left ventricle, where the posterior interventricular artery occurs as collateral branch of the right coronary artery, the right coronary artery extending their vascularization territory to the posterior surface of the left ventricle, right up to the apex of the heart, the right coronary dominance, the circumflex artery in this case ending on the lateral surface of the heart. The right coronary artery may end up on the posterior surface of the right ventricle in which case posterior interventricular artery is represented by the terminal portion of the circumflex artery. The right coronary artery rarely ended as the posterior interventricular artery can reach the apex of the heart. We have found that the dominant type of a coronary artery can be held not only in the number of collateral, but also by their caliber at their origin from the aorta. We encountered 7 cases in which there is a third coronary artery, in 5 cases the third coronary artery being an anterior right I called her middle coronary artery or right ventricular branch and anterior ventricular artery, and in two cases the third coronary artery represent the circumflex artery. In 6 cases of the 7 cases described the third coronary artery showed no atrial branches

scholarly journals کتاب " القطوف الدانیہ فی تحقیق الجماعۃ الثانیہ "کی تلخیص و مستنبطات اور جماعتِ ثانیہ میں کراہتِ تحریم کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Al-Duhaa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Dr. Qaisar Bilal Khattak ◽  
Mr. Nasir Mehmood Khattak ◽  
Dr Sadiq Ali Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Common People ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clear Line ◽  
Made In

The fact that always be considered is the contemplation of internal feelings of every practiced Muslim to please Almighty Allah. It occurs via observing and following His commands and orders through prescribed manner of the Messenger Muhammad Peace Be upon Him, but sometimes it becomes so complex and multipart to identify the right step of actions, streamline with shariah standards even difficult to recognize the difference between preferred and Non-preferred, lawful and prohibited. So among these situations, second congregational prayed in one masjid, an issue faced by common people. The classical literature is the witness of unanimous ruling in two situations of second congregational prayer; i.e. congregation (Jama’at) in the Masjid and congregation in public places. The third situation requires little deep understanding to know the actual ruling of shariah, which is congregation (Jama’at) in the same Masjid but appointed Imam performs original Jama’at. Different scholars have presented different opinions. This paper emphasis on the third situation where the detailed discussion has been made in the light of the mentioned book in the title to draw the neat and clear line of action for the practiced Muslim along with the provision of different narrations and Shariah rulings in order to interpret the reality and to avoid all sort of confusions.

scholarly journals Characterization of coronary arteries in Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla: Myrmecophagidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
C.A.T. Cruvinel ◽  
T.M.A. Cruvinel ◽  
L.P.N. Aires ◽  
R.F. Rodrigues ◽  
A.P.F. Melo
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Coronary Ostium ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Whole Heart ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Coronary Ostium

ABSTRACT Were used twelve (12) adult anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), adults, 6 (six) males and 6 (six) females, weighing from 20 to 27.32kg from free life. The thoracic cavity was opened until visualization of the whole heart and lungs and later injection of the coronary vessels. The right coronary artery emerged through a single coronary ostium of the aorta, 50%, emitting the intermediate branch and the subsinuous interventricular branch, had a path directed to the subsurface interventricular groove. In the other 50%, the right coronary artery was not present, showing only its branches, intermediate branch and subsurface interventricular branch with emergence of the aorta. Left coronary artery presented, in 83.33%, origin from the aorta in single ostium, issuing the circumflex and interventricular paraconal branches. In 16.66%, the left coronary artery was not evidenced originating from the aorta, but its branches, circumflex and interventricular paraconal.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOMÉTRICA DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DA FAZENDA GLÓRIA, MUNICÍPIO DE TAQUARITINGA, SP.

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Mazzer Rodrigues ◽  
Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissara ◽  
Sérgio Campos
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Segments ◽  
Morphometric Characterization

Caracterização morfométrica da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, SP.  Flavia Mazzer Rodrigues1; Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra1; Sérgio Campos2 1Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas e Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP   1 RESUMO  Com a análise das características morfométricas, procura-se entender a relação solo-superfície, em decorrência dos processos erosivos sobre estruturas e litologias variadas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar, no período de 1983 e 2000, as características morfométricas na Microbacia Hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Glória, de 4a ordem de magnitude, Município de Taquaritinga - SP. Esta microbacia hidrográfica foi dividida em 7 microbacias hidrográficas de 2a ordem e 2 microbacias hidrográficas de 3a ordem. As características morfométricas demonstraram que ocorreu uma redução do número de segmentos de rios de 1.a ordem e comprimento da rede de drenagem ao longo do período analisado, estando relacionadas às diversas influências que a evolução do modelado sofreu, tendo em vista o uso e ocupação do solo, indicando comportamento hidrológico desigual. Os resultados permitiram inferir que o comprimento do segmento de rio de 4a ordem se manteve constante ao longo do período analisado. UNITERMOS: sensoriamento remoto, análise morfométrica, microbacias hidrográficas.  RODRIGUES, F. M.; PISSARRA, T. C. T.; CAMPOS, S. Morphometric characterization of Glória FARM Watershed, Taquaritinga, state of São Paulo, brazil.  2 ABSTRACT The analysis of morphometric characteristics is used to understand the relationship between soil and surface as a result of erosive processes on different structures and lithologies. The objective of this study was to study the morphometric characteristics of Fazenda Gloria watershed from 1983 to2000, afourth-order watershed in  TaquaritingaMunicipality,São PauloState. The study was based on photointerpretation techniques. Drainage net and the respective watersheds were selected and the morphometric variables were determined. The watersheds consisted of 7 second-order watersheds and 2 third-order watersheds. The morphometric characteristics showed a reduction in the number of segments of first-order rivers and in the length of the drainage net during the study period. These findings could be related to several influences on land development considering the occupation and use of land. A different hydrological behavior could also be observed. The analysis of Fazenda Glória Watershed showed that the length of the segment of fourth order river remained constant during the study period. KEY WORDS: remote sensing, morphometric analysis, watershed.

The phonological status of Low tones in Shanghai tone sandhi

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Yasunori Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Tone Sandhi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phonological Word ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
Pitch Contours ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Tone ◽  
The Right

Abstract In Shanghai tone sandhi, with the exception of T5 (yangru) sandhi, a pitch-fall occurs at the second or third syllable of a phonological word (or a sandhi domain). Previous analyses argue that this is invoked by the insertion of a default Low tone to satisfy the Well-formedness Condition of the autosegmental theory. However, in the framework of the present autosegmental theory, that condition is no longer necessarily satisfied, and an alternative interpretation, adopting a boundary Low tone, has been suggested. To evaluate the appropriateness of the default and boundary interpretations, we compared pitch contours among di- to tetrasyllabic words in greater detail. The results show that, in T1 to T4 sandhi, disyllabic words tend to have lower pitch contours than tri- and tetrasyllabic words at the first and second syllables, and that, in tetrasyllables, minimum pitch values were constantly attested at the third syllable. These results indicate that in Shanghai tone sandhi, a boundary Low tone is assigned at the right edge of a phonological word, and it is further associated with the third syllable in tetrasyllables. This boundary interpretation further gives an appropriate explanation of the difference of the pitch-fall between Middle and New Shanghai.

Difficulties with the Meaning of Equality, Non-Discrimination and Participation in the CRPD, and their Application to the Abolition with Support Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-166
Author(s):  
Kay Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
Right To Participation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Chapter 7 considers the difficulties with the meaning of equality and non-discrimination in the CRPD and what this means for the call for the abolition of mental health law. These difficulties include determining the equality of what, equality with respect to whom and finding an appropriate comparator, determining whether involuntary detention and treatment is a benefit or detriment, and how to address the difference and sameness of persons with mental impairments. Specifically, whether the difference between persons with and without mental impairments is real and whether supported decision-making is sufficient to make persons with mental impairments equal to those without disabilities. It also introduces and discusses the third limb of the interpretive compass, the right to participation. It argues that the right to participation is a right for persons with disabilities and their organizations to be consulted with in good faith about policy and individual health decisions and for their views to be taken seriously. It does not mean that States Parties have to do everything persons with disabilities want, nor is it a power of veto. That said, States Parties should probably implement the wishes of persons with disabilities unless there is a good reason not to. Even so, the right to participation raises a number of difficulties in determining whether disabled persons organizations are sufficiently representative of their constituents and all persons with disabilities generally, including those with intersecting identities.

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