scholarly journals Articulatory suppression effects on induced rumination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti ◽  
Baeyens Celine ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Elsa Spinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Speech Motor

This study explores whether the speech motor system is involved in verbal rumination, a particular kind of inner speech. The motor simulation hypothesis considers inner speech as an action, accompanied by simulated speech percepts, that would as such involve the speech motor system. If so, we could expect verbal rumination to be disrupted by concurrent involvement of the speech apparatus. We recruited 106 healthy adults and measured their self-reported level of rumination before and after a rumination induction, as well as after five minutes of a subsequent motor task (either an articulatory suppression -silent mouthing- task or a finger tapping control task). We also evaluated to what extent ruminative thoughts were experienced with a verbal quality or in another modality (e.g., visual images, non-speech sounds). Self-reported levels of rumination showed a decrease after both motor activities (silent mouthing and finger-tapping), with only a slightly stronger decrease after the articulatory suppression than the control task. The rumination level decrease was not moderated by the modality of the ruminative thoughts. We discuss these results within the framework of verbal rumination as simulated speech and suggest alternative ways to test the engagement of the speech motor system in verbal rumination. Pre-registered protocol, preprint, data, as well as reproducible code and figures are available at: https://osf.io/3bh67/.

scholarly journals Preprint: Orofacial electromyographic correlates of induced verbal rumination

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela ◽  
Céline Baeyens ◽  
Romain Grandchamp ◽  
Mircea Polosan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Motor Simulation ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Flexor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Speech Motor

Rumination is predominantly experienced in the form of repetitive verbal thoughts. Verbal rumination is a particular case of inner speech. According to the Motor Simulation view, inner speech is a kind of motor action, recruiting the speech motor system. In this framework, we predicted an increase in speech muscle activity during rumination as compared to rest. We also predicted increased forehead activity, associated with anxiety during rumination. We measured electromyographic activity over the orbicularis oris superior and inferior, frontalis and flexor carpi radialis muscles. Results showed increased lip and forehead activity after rumination induction compared to an initial relaxed state, together with increased self-reported levels of rumination. Moreover, our data suggest that orofacial relaxation is more effective in reducing rumination than non-orofacial relaxation. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that verbal rumination involves the speech motor system, and provide a promising psychophysiological index to assess the presence of verbal rumination.

Sex-typing of Physical Activities and Success Predictions of Children before and after Cross-sex Competition

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Corbin ◽  
Charles Nix
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Male Activity

Elementary school children, 20 boys and 20 girls, served as subjects in this investigation designed to determine how children sex-typed each of three different motor activities and to study their success predictions before and after cross-sex competition. Results of the study indicated that both boys and girls sex-typed a motor task requiring strength, speed, and power as a “male” activity, while the two other motor tasks were characterized as “male-female.” The self-confidence levels of girls, as measured by success predictions were lower than boys prior to competition but only for the “male” activity. After cross-sex competition in which girls succeeded as often as the boys, self-confidence of girls was no different than for boys. There were no sex differences in postcompetition state anxiety levels. All subjects regardless of sex were more threatened after competing in a “male” as opposed to a “male-female” activity, and they experienced lower state anxiety following successful rather than unsuccessful competition.

scholarly journals Understanding rumination as a form of inner speech: probing the role of motor processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Condensed Form ◽  
Verbal Process ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Overt Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

Rumination is known to be a predominantly verbal process and has been proposed to be considered as such as a dysfunctional form of inner speech (i.e., the silent production of words in one’s mind). On the other hand, research on the psychophysiology of inner speech revealed that the neural processes involved in overt and covert speech tend to be very similar. This is coherent with the idea that some forms of inner speech could be considered as a kind of simulation of overt speech, in the same way as imagined actions can be considered as the result of a simulation of the corresponding overt action (e.g., walking and imagined walking). In other words, the motor simulation hypothesis suggests that the speech motor system should be involved as well during inner speech production. The corollary hypothesis might be drawn, according to which the production of inner speech (and rumination) should be disrupted by a disruption of the speech motor system. We conducted a series of five studies aiming to probe the role of the speech motor system in rumination. Overall, our results highlight that although verbal rumination may be considered as a form of inner speech, it might not specifically involve the speech motor system. More precisely, we argue that rumination might be considered as a particularly strongly condensed form of inner speech that does not systematically involve fully specified articulatory features. We discuss these findings in relation to the habit-goal framework of depressive rumination and we discuss the implications of these findings for theories of inner speech production.

scholarly journals Distinct neural mechanisms support different forms of inner speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislas Nalborczyk ◽  
Marieke Longcamp ◽  
Mireille Bonnard ◽  
Laure Spieser ◽  
F.-Xavier Alario
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Retrieval Process ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Multisensory Experience ◽  
Stimulation Of

Humans have the ability to mentally examine speech. This covert form of speech production is often accompanied by sensory (e.g., auditory) percepts. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms that generate these percepts are still debated. According to a prominent proposal, inner speech has at least two distinct phenomenological components: inner speaking and inner hearing. Here we use transcranial magnetic stimulation to test whether these two phenomenologically distinct processes are supported by distinct cerebral mechanisms. We hypothesise that inner speaking relies more strongly on an online motor-to-sensory simulation that constructs a multisensory experience, whereas inner hearing relies more strongly on a memory-retrieval process, where the multisensory experience is reconstructed from stored motor-to-sensory associations. We predict that the speech motor system will be involved more strongly during inner speaking than inner hearing. This will be revealed by modulations of TMS evoked responses at muscle level following cortical stimulation of the lip primary motor cortex.

scholarly journals Training-induced plasticity enables visualizing sounds with a visual-to-auditory conversion device

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau ◽  
Gabriel Arnold ◽  
Malika Auvray
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Distractors ◽  
Auditory Processes

AbstractSensory substitution devices aim at restoring visual functions by converting visual information into auditory or tactile stimuli. Although these devices show promise in the range of behavioral abilities they allow, the processes underlying their use remain underspecified. In particular, while an initial debate focused on the visual versus auditory or tactile nature of sensory substitution, since over a decade, the idea that it reflects a mixture of both has emerged. In order to investigate behaviorally the extent to which visual and auditory processes are involved, participants completed a Stroop-like crossmodal interference paradigm before and after being trained with a conversion device which translates visual images into sounds. In addition, participants' auditory abilities and their phenomenologies were measured. Our study revealed that, after training, when asked to identify sounds, processes shared with vision were involved, as participants’ performance in sound identification was influenced by the simultaneously presented visual distractors. In addition, participants’ performance during training and their associated phenomenology depended on their auditory abilities, revealing that processing finds its roots in the input sensory modality. Our results pave the way for improving the design and learning of these devices by taking into account inter-individual differences in auditory and visual perceptual strategies.

scholarly journals What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Stasenko ◽  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Bradford Z. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Speech Motor

AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.

scholarly journals Spinal microcircuits comprising dI3 interneurons are necessary for motor functional recovery following spinal cord transection

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan V Bui ◽  
Nicolas Stifani ◽  
Turgay Akay ◽  
Robert M Brownstone
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Spinal Interneurons ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Sensory Prediction

The spinal cord has the capacity to coordinate motor activities such as locomotion. Following spinal transection, functional activity can be regained, to a degree, following motor training. To identify microcircuits involved in this recovery, we studied a population of mouse spinal interneurons known to receive direct afferent inputs and project to intermediate and ventral regions of the spinal cord. We demonstrate that while dI3 interneurons are not necessary for normal locomotor activity, locomotor circuits rhythmically inhibit them and dI3 interneurons can activate these circuits. Removing dI3 interneurons from spinal microcircuits by eliminating their synaptic transmission left locomotion more or less unchanged, but abolished functional recovery, indicating that dI3 interneurons are a necessary cellular substrate for motor system plasticity following transection. We suggest that dI3 interneurons compare inputs from locomotor circuits with sensory afferent inputs to compute sensory prediction errors that then modify locomotor circuits to effect motor recovery.

scholarly journals Role of Inner Speech on Serial Recall in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study Using the Luria Hand Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shota Mitsuhashi ◽  
Shogo Hirata ◽  
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the effect of articulatory suppression on the serial recall and severity of social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Luria hand test (LHT) was administered to evaluate the capacity for serial recall in 13 children with ASD. The LHT was administered under three conditions: control, under articulatory suppression, and under spatial suppression. Performance on the LHT of children with ASD was significantly lower in terms of both articulatory suppression and the spatial suppression condition. Moreover, the severity of social impairment in children with ASD was related to individual differences of effects of articulatory suppression on the LHT, but not with effects of spatial suppression. These results support the notion that dialogic inner speech which mediates complex cognitive abilities has inherently social origins.

Prolonged Practice of a Simple Motor Task by Preferred and Nonpreferred Hands

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peters
Keyword(s):  
Task Analysis ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Simple Motor ◽  
Nonpreferred Hand ◽  
Simple Motor Task ◽  
The Difference

After prolonged practice (1300 10-sec trials) the tapping speed of the nonpreferred hand reached that of the preferred hand on a simple finger-tapping task. Analysis of the intertap intervals showed the variability of the duration of intertap intervals was smaller for the preferred than for the nonpreferred hand; the difference was not affected by the prolonged practice for N = 1.

Trait and State Anxiety before and after Competitive Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1059-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallgeir Halvari ◽  
Torgrim Gjesme
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
And Performance

33 subjects were tested on competitive trait and state anxiety immediately before and after a competitive motor task of short duration (average performance time of 25 seconds). It required precise coordination of correct muscular activity, timing as well as speed, and physical strength that included explosive shifts in direction of movement. Two types of performance measures were employed, (a) number of errors during the performance and (b) the time it took to complete the motor task. Analysis showed a positive relation between trait anxiety and performance errors when a linear model was applied; however, when a curvilinear model was used, a strong significant U-relationship between errors and precompetition state anxiety emerged. Further, a strong positive linear relation between poststate anxiety and number of performance errors was observed. The results indicate that making errors in performance situations is a critical factor in producing postcompetition state anxiety.

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