scholarly journals Role of Inner Speech on Serial Recall in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study Using the Luria Hand Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shota Mitsuhashi ◽  
Shogo Hirata ◽  
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the effect of articulatory suppression on the serial recall and severity of social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Luria hand test (LHT) was administered to evaluate the capacity for serial recall in 13 children with ASD. The LHT was administered under three conditions: control, under articulatory suppression, and under spatial suppression. Performance on the LHT of children with ASD was significantly lower in terms of both articulatory suppression and the spatial suppression condition. Moreover, the severity of social impairment in children with ASD was related to individual differences of effects of articulatory suppression on the LHT, but not with effects of spatial suppression. These results support the notion that dialogic inner speech which mediates complex cognitive abilities has inherently social origins.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorders and the Gut Microbiota

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Fattorusso ◽  
Lorenza Di Genova ◽  
Giovanni Dell’Isola ◽  
Elisabetta Mencaroni ◽  
Susanna Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In recent years, there has been an emerging interest in the possible role of the gut microbiota as a co-factor in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), as many studies have highlighted the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain (the so-called “gut-brain axis”). Accumulating evidence has shown a link between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and both gastrointestinal and neurobehavioural symptoms in children with ASD. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the current knowledge about dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in ASD and assess the current evidence for the role of probiotics and other non-pharmacological approaches in the treatment of children with ASD. Analysis of the literature showed that gut dysbiosis in ASD has been widely demonstrated; however, there is no single distinctive profile of the composition of the microbiota in people with ASD. Gut dysbiosis could contribute to the low-grade systemic inflammatory state reported in patients with GI comorbidities. The administration of probiotics (mostly a mixture of Bifidobacteria, Streptococci and Lactobacilli) is the most promising treatment for neurobehavioural symptoms and bowel dysfunction, but clinical trials are still limited and heterogeneous. Well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to validate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of ASD and to identify the appropriate strains, dose, and timing of treatment.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Cranio-Facial Characteristics Associated with Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Laura Maniscalco ◽  
Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique ◽  
Michele Roccella ◽  
Domenica Matranga ◽  
Gabriele Tripi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background. Craniofacial anomalies and minor neurological dysfunction (MNDs) have been identified, in literature, as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. They represent physical indicators of embryonic development suggesting a possible contributory role of complications during early, even pre-conceptional, phases of ontogeny in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research has been conducted about the co-occurrence of the two biomarkers in children with ASD. This study investigates the associative patterns of cranio-facial anomalies and MNDs in ASD children, and whether these neurodevelopmental markers correlate with intensity of ASD symptoms and overall functioning. Methods. Caucasian children with ASD (n = 33) were examined. Measures were based on five anthropometric cranio-facial indexes and a standardized and detailed neurological examination according to Touwen. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores, MNDs and participant characteristics (i.e., age, cognitive abilities, severity of autistic symptoms measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) checklist) were assessed. Results. With respect to specific MNDs, significant positive correlations were found between Cephalic Index and Sensory deficits (p-value < 0.001), which did not correlate with CARS score. Importantly, CARS score was positively linked with Intercanthal Index (p-value < 0.001), and negatively associated with posture and muscle tone (p-value = 0.027) and Facial Index (p-value = 0.004). Conclusion. Our data show a link between a specific facial phenotype and anomalies in motor responses, suggesting early brain dysmaturation involving subcortical structures in cerebro-craniofacial development of autistic children. This research supports the concept of a “social brain functional morphology” in autism spectrum disorders.

Role of the gut-brain axis in the eating behavior of children with autism spectrum disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Siwek ◽  
Aleksandra Kawala-Janik ◽  
Piotr Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractIntroduction:The occurrence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has significantly increased in the last few years. One of the common problems in this group are eating disorders and ailments from the gastrointestinal systems. According to some studies, these problems have a significant impact on the occurrence and severity of symptoms in the neurological system, so it is crucial to increase the attention paid on the role of diet in the treatment of this disease. One of the theories connects ASD with disorders of the digestive system and the intestinal bacterial flora. This theory is based on the gut-brain axis, which means the interaction between the gastrointestinal and nervous systems.Objectives:To demonstrate the differences in behavior habits, interest in nutrition, and frequency of consumption of food products between children suffering from ASD and healthy children.Materials and methods:The study was conducted among 44 children suffering from ASD and 33 healthy children as a control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire that was specially designed for this study. The questionnaire contained questions about eating habits and the frequency of consumption of selected food products.Results:Parents of healthy children showed more interest in their children’s way of feeding and nutritional recommendations compared to parents of children with ASD (4% and 11.3%, respectively). In addition, 24.3% more children with ASD consulted with a nutritionist compared to the control group. Complaints of the digestive system were 21.1% more likely by children with ASD. Children suffering from ASD were characterized by a higher intake of red meat and giblets and less frequent consumption of milk and milk products compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in terms of frequency of consumption of products, which are the source of gluten, artificial food additives-preservatives, and artificial colors.Conclusions:There are differences in the habits and eating behaviors and the frequency of consumption of selected food products between a group of children with ASD and a group of healthy children.

scholarly journals The Study of Parent Attitude to the Developmental Features of Children with Autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
S.A. Morozov ◽  
S.S. Morozova ◽  
T.I. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Parent Attitude ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Features

According to the survey of 629 families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), it was revealed that the estimation of the significance of symptoms occurring in ASD by parents does not partially coincide with those adopted in modern official classifiers (ICD-11; DSM-V). Parents attach more importance than professionals to speech disorders (especially the difficulties of expressive speech) and significantly underestimate the problems associated with intelligence). The role of comorbid disorders also underestimates the role of intellectual impairment, depressive and epileptiform symptomatology and mistakenly gives a significant place to mental development delays. It is shown that the coordination of the system of inter-relations of parents and professionals can reached by the similarity in assessments of the child status. The results will be used in determining the directions, methods and forms of working with families of children with ASD.

scholarly journals Visual preference for social vs. non-social images in young children with autism spectrum disorders. An eye tracking study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252795
Author(s):  
Julia Vacas ◽  
Adoración Antolí ◽  
Araceli Sánchez-Raya ◽  
Carolina Pérez-Dueñas ◽  
Fátima Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Circumscribed Interests ◽  
Object A ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Social Images ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are associated to social attention (SA) impairments. A gaze bias to non-social objects over faces has been proposed as an early marker of ASD. This bias may be related to the concomitant circumscribed interests (CI), which question the role of competing objects in this atypical visual behavior. The aim of this study was to compare visual attention patterns to social and non-social images in young children with ASD and matched typical controls (N = 36; age range 41–73 months) assessing the role of emotion in facial stimuli and the type of competing object. A paired preference task was designed pairing happy, angry, and neutral faces with two types of objects (related or not related to autism CI). Eye tracking data were collected, and three indexes were considered as dependent variables: prioritization (attentional orientation), preference, and duration (sustained attention). Results showed that both groups had similar visual pattern to faces (prioritization, more attention and longer visits to faces paired with objects non-related to their CI); however, the ASD group attended to faces significantly less than controls. Children with ASD showed an emotional bias (late orientation to angry faces and typical preference for happy faces). Finally, objects related to their CI captured attention in both groups, significantly reducing SA in children with ASD. Atypical SA is present in young children with ASD regardless the competing non-social object. Identifying strengths and difficulties in SA in this population may have substantial repercussion for early diagnosis, intervention, and ultimately prognosis.

The Role of Psychology in Working With Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
C. Milani Smith
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Adolescents With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Varied disciplines participate in both the evaluation and treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. This article reviews the role of the psychologist on an interdisciplinary team. Specific components of the assessment process are summarized, and key diagnostic tools are presented. In addition, the psychologist’s role in the assessment of language, and how this is differentiated from the contributions of the SLP, is discussed. This article concludes with a discussion of the role of the psychologist in providing intervention for children with ASD.

DSM-5 Changes: Understanding the Social Challenges in Children with ASD

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Patricia Prelock
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This article describes the changes made to the DSM-5 criteria, with specific attention to the social communication and social interaction challenges described for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). An explanation of the broader impact of social impairment on social cognition is emphasized and implications for addressing the social cognition and social communication challenges in children with ASD are highlighted.

scholarly journals Inclusion in the work with children with autism spectrum disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dormand ◽  
E.F. Shvedovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
State University ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Moscow State University ◽  
Practical Conference

Work fellow of Federal recourse center with the support of Moscow state university of psychology and education press-office had an interview with Lorraine Dormand, the director of the Robert Ogden School for children with ASD, managed by UK’s National autistic society. Mrs. Dormand took part in the IV International scientific and practical conference «Inclusive education: continuity of inclusive culture and practice», which was held in the end of June in Moscow. Following issues were discussed: the role of inclusion in the education system of Russia and Great Britain, general impression from the Federal resource center visit and personal experience of working with children with ASD. The interview was held at June 23 2017 during the visit to the Federal Resource Center for Organization of Comrehencive Support for Children with ASD.

Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Plexico ◽  
Julie E. Cleary ◽  
Ashlynn McAlpine ◽  
Allison M. Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Young Children With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

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