scholarly journals Parenting Adolescents in Times of a Pandemic: Changes in Relationship Quality, Autonomy Support, and Parental Control?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bülow ◽  
Loes Keijsers ◽  
Savannah Boele ◽  
Eeske van Roekel ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
The Impact

This multi-informant study examined effects of COVID-19 on parent-adolescent relationships in the spring of 2020. Four bi-weekly measurements before and four bi-weekly measurements during the lockdown were collected among Dutch adolescents (N = 179, Mage = 14.26 years, 69% girls) and their parents (N = 144, Mage = 47.01 years, 81% female; educational level 12% low, 33% medium, 55% high). Adolescents and parents reported on parental support, parent-adolescent conflict, autonomy support, psychological control, and behavioral control. Additionally, they reported how their daily routines had changed during the lockdown. Parents and adolescents spent more time together during lockdown (before M = 8.6h, during M = 12.7h) but less time with friends (before M = 8.1h, during M = 2.1h), and reported on average 13 corona-related rules. Pre-registered piece-wise growth models confirmed that autonomy support decreased immediately after the lockdown, but no mean-level changes were observed in the other relationship dimensions. During the first two months of the lockdown, parents reported gradual increases in autonomy support and decreases in behavioral control. Moreover, significant differences between families were found in sudden and more gradual relationship changes, which correlated strongly with pre-lockdown characteristics of the relationship, and in some models with adolescent oppositional defiance and legitimacy beliefs. In sum, findings suggest resilience in most families, but also heterogeneity. Some families were negatively affected (e.g., more conflicts and psychological control) and others were positively affected (e.g., more warmth, less conflicts). A tailored approach is therefore needed to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on family functioning.

scholarly journals The Impact of Academic Achievement and Parental Practices on Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among Chinese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingna Qin ◽  
Tessa Kaufman ◽  
Lydia Laninga-Wijnen ◽  
Ping Ren ◽  
Yunyun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Parental Practices ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Symptom Profile ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThough depressive symptoms tend to increase in early adolescence, the trajectories of these symptoms may vary strongly. This longitudinal study investigated the extent to which the distinct developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms were predicted by adolescents' academic achievement and perceived parental practices in a sample of Chinese young adolescents (N = 2,576). The results showed four trajectory profiles of depressive symptoms: low-stable (75%), low-increasing (11%), high-stable (9%), and high-decreasing (5%). Adolescents with high academic achievement were more likely to be classified into the low-stable, low-increasing, and high-decreasing profiles than into the high-stable depressive symptom profile. Moreover, students who perceived greater parental autonomy support were more likely to be in the low-stable and low-increasing profiles than the high-stable profile, whereas adolescents perceiving more parental psychological control had higher odds of being in the low-increasing rather than the low-stable profile. Parental educational involvement was unrelated to students' depressive symptom trajectories. In sum, Chinese adolescents with higher academic achievement and who perceived more parental autonomy support, and less psychological control, were at lower risk of experiencing depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Becoming a perfectionistic adolescent: Perceived parental behaviors involved in developmental trajectories of perfectionism

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110129
Author(s):  
Lavinia E Damian ◽  
Oana Negru-Subtirica ◽  
Eleonora I Pop ◽  
Joachim Stoeber
Keyword(s):  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Parental Behaviors ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

Perfectionism is a pervasive and prevalent personality disposition with high implications for psychological maladjustment. Adolescence represents a particularly relevant period for the development of perfectionism, and perceived parental behaviors have been shown to play an important part. Yet, so far only few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of risk and protective parental behaviors in the development of perfectionism in adolescents. Examining a sample of 744 adolescents ( Mage = 15.2 years), the present study investigated developmental trajectories of self-oriented, socially prescribed, and other-oriented perfectionism over four waves spaced five to six months apart. Results of growth mixture modeling showed that self-oriented perfectionism followed three developmental trajectories (low and decreasing; medium and decreasing; high and stable) as did socially prescribed perfectionism (low and stable; medium and increasing; high and stable). Other-oriented perfectionism showed four developmental trajectories (low and decreasing; low and stable; high and stable; high and increasing). Significant differences were observed between groups regarding all investigated perceived parental behaviors (psychological control, behavioral control, responsiveness, and autonomy support). Similarities and differences between the development of each form of perfectionism and the role of each parental behavior as well as implications of these findings for the understanding of the development of perfectionism in adolescence are discussed.

scholarly journals The role of fathers’ versus mothers’ parenting in emotion-regulation development from mid-late adolescence: Disentangling between-family differences from within-family effects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar J. Van Lissa ◽  
Renske Keizer ◽  
Pol A. C. van Lier ◽  
Wim H. J. Meeus ◽  
Susan Branje
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Regulation Development ◽  
Predictive Processes

This four-year, multi-informant longitudinal study (N=480, initial age: 15) investigated the interplay between parental support, behavioral- and psychological control, and adolescents’ emotion regulation development. We examined reciprocal effects between parents and children, mothers' versus fathers’ unique roles in emotion regulation development, and sex differences. Multi-informant data allowed us to compare effects of adolescent-perceived and parent-reported parenting. Finally, innovative analyses allowed us to disentangle between-family differences from within-family predictive processes. Parenting and emotion regulation were associated at the between-family and within-family levels, especially according to adolescent reports. Support primarily played a role between mothers and adolescents, and perceived behavioral control between fathers and adolescents. Sex moderation revealed that support played a more prominent role in mother-daughter than mother-son relationships, and that daughters experienced greater behavioral control. Child effects outnumbered parent effects, which might reflect the increasing equality of adolescent-parent relationships. Finally, adolescent-perceived parenting was a stronger correlate of emotion regulation than parent-reports, suggesting that adolescents' perceptions are a relevant source of information for research and practice. Consistent with the self-determination theory perspective on parenting, emotion regulation flourished when adolescents felt like mothers provided support, and fathers loosened behavioral control. These results are in line with the notion that mother-child relationships are supportive attachment relationships, whereas fathers provide "activation" relationships, challenging adolescents to regulate emotions autonomously by providing less explicit structure.

scholarly journals Family Routines and Next-Generation Engagement in Family Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Reay
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Perceived Parental Support ◽  
The Impact

By focusing on the impact of different types of family routines and how they change, this commentary builds on concepts regarding the influence of perceived parental support and psychological control on next-generation engagement in family firms. Drawing on the organizational routines literature and the family studies literature, I propose that attention to family routines, and how these routines change (or not) over time can reveal additional insights regarding next-generation engagement in the family business.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem as a Complex Dynamic System: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Microlevel Dynamics

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. P. de Ruiter ◽  
Tom Hollenstein ◽  
Paul L. C. van Geert ◽  
E. Saskia Kunnen
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Organizing

The variability of self-esteem is an important characteristic of self-esteem. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie it. The goal of the current study was to empirically explore these underlying mechanisms. It is commonly assumed that state self-esteem (the fleeting experience of the self) is a response to the immediate social context. Drawing from a complex dynamic systems perspective, the self-organizing self-esteem model asserts that this responsivity is not passive or stimulus-response like, but that the impact of the social context on state self-esteem is intimately connected to the intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem. The model suggests that intrinsic dynamics are the result of higher-order self-esteem attractors that can constrain state self-esteem variability. The current study tests this model, and more specifically, the prediction that state self-esteem variability is less influenced by changes in the immediate context if relatively strong, as opposed to weak, self-esteem attractors underlie intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem. To test this, parent-adolescent dyads (N=13, Mage=13.6) were filmed during seminaturalistic discussions. Observable components of adolescent state self-esteem were coded in real time, as well as real-time parental autonomy-support and relatedness. Kohonen’s self-organizing maps were used to derive attractor-like patterns: repeated higher-order patterns of adolescents’ self-esteem components. State space grids were used to assess how much adolescents’ self-esteem attractors constrained their state self-esteem variability. We found varying levels of attractor strength in our sample. In accordance with our prediction, we found that state self-esteem was less sensitive to changes in parental support and relatedness for adolescents with stronger self-esteem attractors. Discussion revolves around the implications of our findings for the ontology of self-esteem.

Parental Support, Behavioral Control, and Psychological Control Among African American Youth

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Bean ◽  
Brian K. Barber ◽  
D. Russell Crane
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
African American Youth

Integrating individuality and community: The impact of parents' autonomy support on emerging adults' self-integration

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Moreau ◽  
Francis Ranger ◽  
Emilie Boucher ◽  
Isabelle Gingras ◽  
Richard Koestner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Autonomy Support ◽  
The Impact
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