Complete the triangulation: Quantifying differential fear conditioning with a noninterfering and sensitive behavioral measure along with self-report and physiological measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrui Jiang ◽  
Lauryn Burleigh ◽  
Steven G Greening
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Accuracy Difference

According to the multi-component view, emotion is expressed through subjective feelings and thoughts, physiological activation, and behavioral responses. In human fear conditioning research, the former two are much more popular than the third category. One concern is that concurrent behavioral probes may interfere with the conditioning process. To allow triangulation of emotion research through simultaneous employment of subjective, physiological, and behavioral measurement, it is necessary to find behavioral measures that meet the criteria of causing no interference while being sensitive to conditioning. In this study, a basic visual attention task was examined in terms of its impact on differential fear conditioning as measured by both subjective (i.e., self-reported fear, shock estimation) and physiological (i.e., skin conductance response/SCR) expression; and its ability to detect fear conditioning indicated by a reaction time (RT) or accuracy difference between the two conditioned stimuli (CS+ vs CS-). While participants in the probe group (n = 86) completed differential fear conditioning with the behavioral task, those in the no-probe group (n = 76) underwent conditioning by itself. Based on self-reported fear, shock estimation, and SCR, both groups successfully acquired differential fear with no apparent between-group difference in the degree of conditioning. In the probe group, RT but not accuracy exhibited a difference between CS+ and CS-. These findings suggest that the selected visual attention task qualifies as a non-interfering behavioral probe and produces a sensitive measure of differential conditioning. Exploratory individual analyses also revealed significant relationships between the above measures.

Measuring Public Speaking Anxiety: Self-Report, Behavioral, and Physiological Measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gallego ◽  
Louise McHugh ◽  
Markku Penttonen ◽  
Raimo Lappalainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Public Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speech Performance

Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-reported measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality as rated by the participants themselves and the observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers’ evaluations.

Three Group Treatments for Reduction of Speech Anxiety among Students

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1317-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Weinberger ◽  
Roland S. Engelhart
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Speech Anxiety ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
And Control

Conditions of group systematic desensitization ( n = 8), group flooding ( n = 7), and a group discussion-placebo control treatment ( n = 4) were employed to reduce anxiety about public-speaking in university students. Three 90-min. sessions were provided. Pre- and posttreatment assessments employed self-report and behavioral measures. The desensitization group showed significant pre- to posttreatment change across all self-report measures, whereas the flooding and control groups showed similar improvement on only one such measure. No group showed significant improvement on the behavioral measure. Groups did not exhibit significant intergroup differences in improvement on any measure.

scholarly journals Measuring Public Speaking Anxiety: Self-report, behavioral, and physiological

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552199430
Author(s):  
Ana Gallego ◽  
Louise McHugh ◽  
Markku Penttonen ◽  
Raimo Lappalainen
Keyword(s):  
Public Speaking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Public Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Speaking Anxiety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Speech Performance

Self-reports are typically used to assess public speaking anxiety. In this study, we examined whether self-report, observer report, and behavioral and physiological reactivity were associated with each other during a speech challenge task. A total of 95 university students completed a self-report measure of public speaking anxiety before and after the speech challenge. Speech duration (i.e., behavioral measure), physiological reactivity, as well as speech performance evaluated by the participants and observers were also recorded. The results suggest that self-reported public speaking anxiety predicts speech duration, as well as speech quality, as rated by the participants themselves and observers. However, the physiological measures were not associated with self-reported anxiety during the speech task. Additionally, we observed that socially anxious participants underrate their speech performance in comparison to their observers’ evaluations.

Visual Spatial Attention in Migraine Sufferers in Postictal and Interictal Phases: An Event-Related Potential Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. de Koning ◽  
J.C. Woestenburg ◽  
M. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Migraine Attack ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial

Migraineurs with and without aura (MWAs and MWOAs) as well as controls were measured twice with an interval of 7 days. The first session of recordings and tests for migraineurs was held about 7 hours after a migraine attack. We hypothesized that electrophysiological changes in the posterior cerebral cortex related to visual spatial attention are influenced by the level of arousal in migraineurs with aura, and that this varies over the course of time. ERPs related to the active visual attention task manifested significant differences between controls and both types of migraine sufferers for the N200, suggesting a common pathophysiological mechanism for migraineurs. Furthermore, migraineurs without aura (MWOAs) showed a significant enhancement for the N200 at the second session, indicating the relevance of time of measurement within migraine studies. Finally, migraineurs with aura (MWAs) showed significantly enhanced P240 and P300 components at central and parietal cortical sites compared to MWOAs and controls, which seemed to be maintained over both sessions and could be indicative of increased noradrenergic activity in MWAs.

Embodied Loss and the Psychophysiological Effects of Pain Examined With Traditional and New Behavioral Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 105413732110206
Author(s):  
Preston A. Long ◽  
X. T. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
Information Ambiguity ◽  
Diminishing Sensitivity

Based on a robust decision phenomenon of loss aversion, people are distinctly more sensitive to losses than to gains. The psychological pain experienced due to a loss is greater than the pleasure experienced due to a gain of the same amount. We argue that physical pain can be viewed as a psychological loss with diminishing sensitivity. Pain thus would be preferred summed rather than distributed. The results from 89 student-participants recruited from a public university in the Midwest US revealed that chronic pain is correlated with reduced subjective life expectancy and increased impulsivity. We found a significant propensity to prefer sharp-and-shorter pain to milder-and-longer pain. The loss-aversion score predicted this propensity in pain management. We developed a new behavioral measure of Band-Aid removal as a predictor for pain duration-intensity tradeoff. The higher the Band-Aid removal time, the higher the preference for higher-duration and lower intensity, and the lower willingness to seek medical attention for pain. The participants also revealed a higher willingness to seek medical help for generalized pain than localized pain to reduce information ambiguity.

scholarly journals The Utility of Physiological Measures in Assessing the Empathic Skills of Incarcerated Violent Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199405
Author(s):  
Julie Palix ◽  
Ahmad Abu-Akel ◽  
Valérie Moulin ◽  
Milena Abbiati ◽  
Jacques Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Violent Behaviors ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Positive Correlations

Since lack of empathy is an important indicator of violent behaviors, researchers need consistent and valid measures. This study evaluated the practical significance of a potential physiological correlate of empathy compared to a traditional self-report questionnaire in 18 male violent offenders and 21 general population controls. Empathy skills were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire. Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed with an electrocardiogram. The RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive beat-to-beat Differences), an HRV index implicated in social cognition, was calculated. There were no group differences in IRI scores. However, RMSSD was lower in the offender group. Positive correlations between RMSSD and IRI subscales were found for controls only. We conclude that psychometric measures of empathy do not discriminate incarcerated violent offenders, and that the incorporation of psychophysiological measures, such as HRV, could be an avenue for forensic research on empathy to establish translatable evidence-based information.

P 65. The effect of controlled behavior during 10Hz rTMS administration on subsequent offline performance in a visual attention task

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. e96
Author(s):  
I. Dombrowe ◽  
G. Juravle ◽  
M. Alavash ◽  
C. Gießing ◽  
C.C. Hilgetag
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Task
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