The Role of Underspecification in RC Attachment: Speed-accuracy tradeoff evidence

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31234/osf.io/rjyat ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pavel Logacev

Keyword(s):

Hierarchical Bayesian Model ◽

Chance Performance ◽

Ambiguity Advantage ◽

Speed Up ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Completion Times ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff ◽

Ambiguous Condition ◽

Asymptotic Accuracy

A number of studies have found evidence for the so-called ambiguity advantage, i.e., a speed-up in processing ambiguous sentences compared to their unambiguous counterparts. While a number of proposals regarding the mechanism underlying this phenomenon have been made, the empirical evidence so far is far from unequivocal. It is compatible with several theories, including strategic underspecification (Swets et al., 2008), race models (Van Gompel et al., 2000; Logacev and Vasishth, 2016), and a more recentcoactivation-based account (Dillon et al., 2019). While all three classes of theories make matching predictions for the average time to complete RC attachment in ambiguous compared to unambiguous sentences, their predictions diverge with regard to theminimum completion times. I used the speed-accuracy tradeoff procedure to test the predictions of all three classesof theories. According to a hierarchical Bayesian model, the speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (SATFs) for different RC attachment conditions (high, low or ambiguous) show an earlier departure from chance performance in the ambiguous condition than in either of the unambiguous conditions. The results further indicate increased asymptotic accuracy but no increase in processing rate in the ambiguous condition. Taken together, this pattern of results is compatible with the strategic underspecification model, and to a lesser degree with coactivation based accounts.

Download Full-text

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Influence the Speed–Accuracy Tradeoff in Perceptual Decision-making: Evidence from Three Independent Studies

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00967 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 1283-1294 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gilles de Hollander ◽

Ludovica Labruna ◽

Roberta Sellaro ◽

Anne Trutti ◽

Lorenza S. Colzato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Response Threshold ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

In perceptual decision-making tasks, people balance the speed and accuracy with which they make their decisions by modulating a response threshold. Neuroimaging studies suggest that this speed–accuracy tradeoff is implemented in a corticobasal ganglia network that includes an important contribution from the pre-SMA. To test this hypothesis, we used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to modulate neural activity in pre-SMA while participants performed a simple perceptual decision-making task. Participants viewed a pattern of moving dots and judged the direction of the global motion. In separate trials, they were cued to either respond quickly or accurately. We used the diffusion decision model to estimate the response threshold parameter, comparing conditions in which participants received sham or anodal tDCS. In three independent experiments, we failed to observe an influence of tDCS on the response threshold. Additional, exploratory analyses showed no influence of tDCS on the duration of nondecision processes or on the efficiency of information processing. Taken together, these findings provide a cautionary note, either concerning the causal role of pre-SMA in decision-making or on the utility of tDCS for modifying response caution in decision-making tasks.

Download Full-text

Statistical Power in Response Signal Paradigm Experiments

10.31234/osf.io/st6de ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pavel Logacev ◽

Mehmet Ilteris Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Sentence Processing ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Response Signal ◽

Null Results ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff ◽

Asymptotic Accuracy

Although not widely used, the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) method has produced several prominent findings in sentence processing. While a substantial number of SAT studies has yielded statistical null-results regarding the degree to which certain factors influence the speed of sentence processing operations, the statistical power of the SAT paradigm is not known. As a result, it is not entirely clear how to interpret these findings. We addressed this problem by means of a simulation study in which we simulated SAT experiments for a range of known effect sizes in order to determine the statistical power in typical SAT experiments. We found that while SAT experiments appear to have quite satisfactory power to detect differences in asymptotic accuracy, that is not the case for speed-related parameters. We conclude that the failure to find an effect in speed-related parameters in SAT experiments may be less meaningful than previously thought.

Download Full-text

The Role of Planning in the Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537052012-102 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Bennett I. Bertenthal ◽

John Van Der Kamp ◽

Geert Savelsbergh

Keyword(s):

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

Download Full-text

The Role of Visual Mental Imagery in the Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff: A Preliminary Investigation

Journal of Educational Technology Systems ◽

10.2190/36ur-wc53-3rkj-1tfw ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Carol L. Hodes

Keyword(s):

Mental Imagery ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Cognitive Strategies ◽

Imagery Instruction ◽

Additional Time ◽

Retrieval Time ◽

Time To Learn ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

Subjects who were given imagery instruction prior to receiving the stimulus material required significantly more time to learn the material. The additional time indicates imagery use. The instructed subjects also had significantly faster retrieval time on a recognition posttest. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between learning time and retrieval time for imaged information. The posttest scores of the instructed subjects were not significantly higher than the uninstructed subjects. The two groups also had similar perceptions of their use of mental imagery. Mental imagery is proposed as a technique to help reduce the speed-accuracy tradeoff during performance. Imagery needs to be investigated further as a type of task-specific processing, since it involves deeper information processing than other cognitive strategies.

Download Full-text

Individual Measures of Time Perception Predict Performance in a Timed Reaching Task

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931213601829 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 1380-1384

Author(s):

Elliot Nauert ◽

Douglas J. Gillan

Keyword(s):

Time Perception ◽

Movement Planning ◽

Movement Speed ◽

Spatial Accuracy ◽

Reaching Task ◽

Time Sensitivity ◽

Movement Strategies ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

In temporally-constrained reaching tasks, participants make rapid movements to a target while making their movements last a designated length of time. It has been well-established that effective target width, a measure of spatial accuracy, increases linearly with movement speed. This study sought to understand how individual differences in temporal sensitivity affect this speed-accuracy tradeoff. It was found that time sensitivity did not affect spatial components of the timed reaching task, but it was related to temporal components of the task. Ideas regarding the role of time perception in movement planning as well as differences in movement strategies for short and long target intervals are discussed.

Download Full-text

The modulatory role of pre-SMA in speed-accuracy tradeoff: A bi-directional TMS study

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 255-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dilara Berkay ◽

Hale Yapıcı Eser ◽

Alexander T. Sack ◽

Yusuf Özgür Çakmak ◽

Fuat Balcı

Keyword(s):

Speed Accuracy ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

Download Full-text

Neuroticism and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Self-Paced Speeded Mental Addition and Comparison

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 130-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hagen C. Flehmig ◽

Michael B. Steinborn ◽

Karl Westhoff ◽

Robert Langner

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Response Speed ◽

Time Variability ◽

Reaction Time Variability ◽

Comparison Task ◽

Processing Efficiency ◽

Mental Addition ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

The Relationship ◽

Accuracy Tradeoff

Previous research suggests a relationship between neuroticism (N) and the speed-accuracy tradeoff in speeded performance: High-N individuals were observed performing less efficiently than low-N individuals and compensatorily overemphasizing response speed at the expense of accuracy. This study examined N-related performance differences in the serial mental addition and comparison task (SMACT) in 99 individuals, comparing several performance measures (i.e., response speed, accuracy, and variability), retest reliability, and practice effects. N was negatively correlated with mean reaction time but positively correlated with error percentage, indicating that high-N individuals tended to be faster but less accurate in their performance than low-N individuals. The strengthening of the relationship after practice demonstrated the reliability of the findings. There was, however, no relationship between N and distractibility (assessed via measures of reaction time variability). Our main findings are in line with the processing efficiency theory, extending the relationship between N and working style to sustained self-paced speeded mental addition.

Download Full-text