Inequality in the minimal group paradigm: How relative wealth and its justification influence ingroup bias

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robert Connor ◽  
Daniel Stancato ◽  
Ugur Yildirim ◽  
Serena CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Moderating Role

This article details a registered report for a well-powered (N = 1500) experiment examining the influence of wealth inequality between groups on ingroup bias, as well as the potential moderating role of justification for the wealth distribution. Using the Minimal Group Paradigm, in which participants are assigned to groups with anonymous others and asked to allocate resources to ingroup or outgroup members, we randomly assigned participants to a relatively disadvantaged or a relatively advantaged group. Group assignments were ostensibly based on chance (weak justification), performance on a financial decision-making task (strong justification), or an ambiguous combination of the two (ambiguous justification). As expected, we found evidence for an inequity aversion hypothesis, with disadvantaged participants displaying heightened ingroup bias compared to their advantaged counterparts. Interestingly, however, our predictions regarding the moderating role of justification were not supported, with disadvantaged participants displaying the highest ingroup bias when the inequality was ambiguously justified. We discuss implications of these results for understanding the causal factors underlying ingroup bias.

The role of mixed emotions in financial decision making

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergana Y. Nenkov ◽  
Deborah MacInnis ◽  
Maureen Morrin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Financial Decision

scholarly journals What Determines Video Game Use?

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Hartmann ◽  
Younbo Jung ◽  
Peter Vorderer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

The present study explores the role of intentions, habits, and addictive tendencies in people’s video game use. Although both habits and addictive tendencies may determine higher amounts of video game use, the present study examines whether the impact of habits and addictive tendencies on video game use may also be lower the less users intend to play (indicating a moderating role of intention). To test these assumptions, survey data were collected in two waves (N = 351), measuring causal factors in the first wave and outcomes (subsequent video game use) in the second. Results of mediation analyses reveal a positive impact of both habits and addictive tendencies on video game use that is partly affected by users’ intentions. Furthermore, moderation analyses suggest that the impact of habits, but not of addictive tendencies, on video game use decreases, the less users intend to play. Taken together, these findings suggest that users’ video game habits, addictive tendencies, and intentions jointly determine video game use.

Long-Range Financial Decision-Making: The Role of Episodic Prospection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Brighetti ◽  
Caterina Lucarelli ◽  
Nicoletta Marinelli ◽  
Giulia Giansiracusa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Financial Decision

Predicting intergroup fairness and ingroup bias in the minimal group paradigm

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Platow ◽  
Charles G. McClintock ◽  
Wim B. G. Liebrand
Keyword(s):  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Minimal Group

scholarly journals Ingroup/Outgroup Attitudes and Group Evaluations: The Role of Competition in British Classroom Settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia L. Lam ◽  
Jodi-Ann Seaton
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Ingroup Outgroup ◽  
Two Age Groups

Children’s intergroup bias is one of the consequences of their readiness to categorise people into ingroups and outgroups, even when groups are assigned arbitrarily. The present study examined the influence of intergroup competition on children’s ingroup and outgroup attitudes developed within the minimal-group setting in British classrooms. One hundred and twelve children in two age groups (6-7- and 9-10-year-olds) were assessed on classification skills and self-esteem before being allocated to one of two colour “teams.” In the experimental condition, children were told that the teams would have a competition after two weeks and teachers made regular use of these teams to organise activities. In the control condition, where no competition ensued, teachers did not refer to “teams.” Then children completed trait attributions to their own-team (ingroup) and other-team (outgroup) members and group evaluations. It was found that children developed positive ingroup bias across conditions, but outgroup negative bias was shown only by 6-7-year-olds in the experimental condition, particularly if they lost the competition, where they evaluated their team more critically. Better classification skills were associated with less negativity towards the outgroup in the experimental condition. Findings are discussed in relation to relevant theoretical premises and particulars of the intergroup context.

scholarly journals Mind Theory and the Role of Financial Decision and Process Role of Optogenetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Ana Njegovanović
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Financial Decision

This paper is devoted to the study of functional relationships between behavioral finance, in particular when making decisions in the financial market, and the theory of reason and optogenetics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the interaction of financial decision-making processes with the key principles of the mental state model (theory of mind) and define the role of optogenetics. The author notes that the use of the theory of reason in behavioral finance allows us to consider the key characteristics of the mental state of the subject of economic relations (thoughts, perceptions, desires, intentions, feelings have an internal mentalistic and experimental content). The author notes that decision-making at any level characterizes the complex network of scientific industries that allow us to understand the complexity of financial decision-making and the role and significance of the laws of thermodynamics and entropy. Modeling neural networks (based on the experimental approach), the paper presents the results of research in the context of analyzing behavioral changes in our brain under the following scenarios: at the stage of awareness of certain processes; if we participate (or do not) participate in these processes. The following conclusions are made in the paper: for the normal states of anxiety, the greatest number of possible configurations of interactions between brain networks, which represent the highest values of entropy is characteristic. These results are obtained from the study of a small number of participants in the experiment, but give an objective assessment and understanding of the complexity of the research and the guidance that include a scientific basis in the process of solving problems in the financial sphere (as an example: when trading in the financial market). Keywords: behavioral finance; theory of mind, financial decision making, optogenetics.

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