scholarly journals The Project Implicit International Dataset: Measuring Implicit and Explicit Social Group Attitudes and Stereotypes Across 34 Countries (2009–2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Charlesworth ◽  
Mayan Navon ◽  
Yoav Rabinovich ◽  
Nicole Lofaro ◽  
Benedek Kurdi
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

For decades, researchers across the social sciences have sought to document and explain the worldwide variation in social group attitudes (evaluative representations, e.g., young-good/old-bad) and stereotypes (attribute representations, e.g., male–science/female–arts). Indeed, uncovering such country-level variation can provide key insights into questions ranging from how attitudes and stereotypes are clustered across places to why some places have stronger attitudes and stereotypes than others (including ecological and social correlates). Here, we introduce the Project Implicit:International (PI:International) dataset that uniquely propels this research forward by offering the first cross-country dataset of both implicit (indirectly-measured) and explicit (directly-measured) attitudes and stereotypes across multiple topics and years. Specifically, PI:International comprises 2.3 million tests for 7 topics (race, sexual orientation, age, body weight, nationality, and skin-tone attitudes, as well as men/women–science/arts stereotypes) using both indirect (Implicit Association Test; IAT) and direct (self-report) measures collected continuously from 2009 to 2019 from 36 country-specific websites in each country’s native language(s). We show that the IAT data from PI:International has adequate internal consistency (split-half reliability), convergent validity (implicit–explicit correlations), and known groups validity. Given such reliability and validity, we summarize basic descriptive results on the overall strength and variability of implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes around the world. The PI:International dataset, including both cleaned data and trial-level data from the IAT, is provided openly to facilitate wide access and novel discoveries on the global nature of implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes.

Predicting Past and Future Dating Violence From Implicit and Explicit Violence Attitudes: An Experimental Manipulation of Provocation in Close Relationships

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-376
Author(s):  
Joel G. Sprunger ◽  
Christopher I. Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
College Dating ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Violence Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

This study examined implicit and explicit attitudes toward the use of violence and their capacity to predict past and future partner-directed aggression in a college dating sample. Implicit and explicit intimate partner violence (IPV) attitudes were measured and compared based on how well they identified self-reported past IPV and predicted expressed aggressive intent following a simulated dating scenario. Male and female participants (N = 106) completed self-report measures of IPV perpetration history and dating violence attitudes as well as an implicit association measure of violence attitudes. Participants were then randomly assigned to a simulated jealousy or neutral relationship scenario and subsequently indicated their desire to perpetrate physical aggression in response to it. The results indicated that implicit, but not explicit, violence attitudes predicted past-year physical IPV perpetration. Although implicit violence attitudes predicted laboratory aggression regardless of relationship provocation cues, the explicit violence attitudes only predicted aggression when relationship provocation was salient. These findings provide further evidence regarding the utility of an implicit attitudes measure in IPV risk assessment, suggest the need for additional research regarding their integration with self-report measures for predicting violence-related behavior, and have implications for investigations aimed at disrupting problematic violence attitudes.

Marital Attitudes and Implicit Associations Tests (IAT) among Young Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2094989
Author(s):  
Scott S. Hall ◽  
Kwang-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Attitudes Toward Marriage ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

Attitudes toward marriage have primarily been explored on the direct or explicit level through self-report measures, neglecting the potential influence of implicit attitudes. Using computer-based experimentation, the current investigation focused on employing Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedures, an approach common in some psychological sciences, but yet to be prominent in published marriage and family research. The IAT measures implicit attitudes—those that operate on a spontaneous or more affective level. One-hundred and thirty-three participants completed two forms of the IAT: one that contrasted marriage with singlehood and the other that provided no contrasting concept to marriage. Results indicated that the former correlated positively with corresponding explicit measures of attitudes, though they shared minimal variance. The latter had no correlation with explicit measures. Results suggest that processes account for implicit and explicit attitudes about marriage. Implications of using both IAT measures are discussed.

Forming implicit and explicit attitudes toward individuals: Social group association cues.

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen R. McConnell ◽  
Robert J. Rydell ◽  
Laura M. Strain ◽  
Diane M. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Group Association

scholarly journals Self-presentation moderates correspondence between implicit and explicit attitudes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Attitude Measures ◽  
Public Context ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

It is a psychological truism that some elements of the mind are unavailable to conscious introspection. Recent research suggests that attitudes exist as entities that one can reflect upon and self-report (explicit attitudes), and also as entities that exist outside of conscious awareness or control (implicit attitudes). The nature of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes is not understood. One factor thought to distinguish implicit and explicit attitudes is the latter’s greater vulnerability to self-presentation demands. Specifically, relationships between implicit and explicit attitudes may be maximized when self-presentational demands are low (private reporting) versus high (public reporting). In a single session, participants reported attitudes in both a private and public context and completed implicit attitude measures. A mediational test showed that correspondence between implicit attitudes and public attitudes was completely mediated by private attitudes. These data suggest that self-presentation is one factor involved in the prediction of implicit-explicit correspondence.

Implicit Social Cognition and Language Attitudes Research

2015 ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Pantos
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Accented Speech ◽  
Explicit Measure ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes

This chapter argues for incorporation of concepts and methods from the domain of Implicit Social Cognition (ISC) into the field of language attitudes research. As support, this chapter reports on a quantitative study that employed both an audio Implicit Association Test and traditional self-report questionnaires to measure participants' implicit and explicit attitudes toward foreign and U.S. accented speech stimuli. The IAT revealed a pro-U.S. accent bias, while the explicit measure found a pro-foreign accent bias. These results support the argument that the distinction between implicit and explicit attitudes as separable attitude constructs resulting from distinct mental processes is an important one for language attitudes research and that both attitude constructs should be evaluated when studying language attitudes.

Sport Fans: Evaluating the Consistency between Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Favorite and Rival Teams

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay L. Wenger ◽  
Roderick O. Brown
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Sport Fans ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes ◽  
Explicit Measures

Sport fans often foster very positive attitudes for their favorite teams and less favorable attitudes for opponents. The current research was designed to evaluate the consistency that might exist between implicit and explicit measures of those attitudes. College students (24 women, 16 men) performed a version of the Implicit Association Test related to their favorite and rival teams. Participants also reported their attitudes for these teams explicitly, via self-report instruments. When responding to the IAT, participants' responses were faster when they paired positive words with concepts related to favorite teams and negative words with rival teams, indicating implicit favorability for favorite teams and implicit negativity for rival teams. This pattern of implicit favorability and negativity was consistent with what participants reported explicitly via self-report. The importance of evaluating implicit attitudes and the corresponding consistency with explicit attitudes are discussed.

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