Saudi Arabia National Cyber Security System: Specificity and Development Risks

The research featured the national cybersecurity system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cybersecurity standards developed by the International Telecommunication Union of the United Nations made it possible to reveal the institutional and legal foundations of the digital security system, as well as the degree of involvement in international cybersecurity cooperation. The analysis demonstrated the key risks of the development of the Saudi cyber model. The assessment by the International Telecommunication Union standards gave quite positive results. However, Saudi Arabia proved to adhere to a catching-up development model and still experiences some problems with national cyberspace security. Some are of global nature, e.g. legislation gaps, while others result from the specifics of the national model of state governance. The most obvious risks include the imbalance between the civil and military sectors, the disagreements between various regions, and the poor integration of the local hacker community into the overall structure of national cybersecurity. Saudi Arabia plans to eliminate these imbalances in the medium term in order to build an integrated cybersecurity system by expanding its international cooperation.

The Project Implicit International Dataset: Measuring Implicit and Explicit Social Group Attitudes and Stereotypes Across 34 Countries (2009–2019)

For decades, researchers across the social sciences have sought to document and explain the worldwide variation in social group attitudes (evaluative representations, e.g., young-good/old-bad) and stereotypes (attribute representations, e.g., male–science/female–arts). Indeed, uncovering such country-level variation can provide key insights into questions ranging from how attitudes and stereotypes are clustered across places to why some places have stronger attitudes and stereotypes than others (including ecological and social correlates). Here, we introduce the Project Implicit:International (PI:International) dataset that uniquely propels this research forward by offering the first cross-country dataset of both implicit (indirectly-measured) and explicit (directly-measured) attitudes and stereotypes across multiple topics and years. Specifically, PI:International comprises 2.3 million tests for 7 topics (race, sexual orientation, age, body weight, nationality, and skin-tone attitudes, as well as men/women–science/arts stereotypes) using both indirect (Implicit Association Test; IAT) and direct (self-report) measures collected continuously from 2009 to 2019 from 36 country-specific websites in each country’s native language(s). We show that the IAT data from PI:International has adequate internal consistency (split-half reliability), convergent validity (implicit–explicit correlations), and known groups validity. Given such reliability and validity, we summarize basic descriptive results on the overall strength and variability of implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes around the world. The PI:International dataset, including both cleaned data and trial-level data from the IAT, is provided openly to facilitate wide access and novel discoveries on the global nature of implicit and explicit attitudes and stereotypes.

Roman Catholicism and Europe

This chapter explores the complex relationship between the Catholic Church and Europe over many centuries. It argues that the Catholic Church and Europe played a mutually constitutive role in the early Middle Ages and one would not be conceivable without the other. However, the Church gradually disassociated itself from Europe and vice versa. Since the Reformation, but even more strongly in the last two centuries, the Church’s attitude to Europe has become markedly more ambivalent, due to the rise of the European state, the hostile attitude of the Church to modern European social and political thought, Europe’s ongoing secularization, and the increasingly global nature of the Catholic Church. While the tension between the Church and Europe persists, the process of European unification marked a watershed in the Church’s relationship to Europe, given that integration is a key area in which the Church strongly supports the political developments of the continent.

“New” Regionalism as an Anti-crisis Strategy for the European Union

The purpose of the article is to analyze possible strategies for the development of the EU, as a key institutional driver of integration that plays a visible role both at the regional and global levels. In recent decades the EU pursued a policy of dynamic expansion, which nowadays meets with resistance from both the “external environment” and within the EU. In this regard, there is a need to determine the limits of the development of regional integration, this is especially important in the context of modern global crisis. This issue is considered from the point of view of balancing between widening and deepening of integration processes. Enlargement (considered more as an expansion) and deepening may put the EU before a choice of priorities; however, they are not mutually exclusive processes. The main challenge is the choice of a strategy that is subordinated to the political will and interests of decision-makers. In order to analytically address the issue, the concept of regionalism and its modern version of “open” regionalism is used as a theoretical approach. It is outlined the extra-regional (global) nature of the EU development strategy. The author concludes that the current anti-crisis strategy of the EU is the construction of a global trading system with elements of regulatory mechanisms that ensures the sustainable competitiveness of the EU, even at the expense of internal centralization.

Distribution of mean monthly surface/upper air parameters during July-August months of 1982-83 and 1987- 88

Lkkj & Hkkjrh; xzh"edkyhu ekulwu dks leqnz vkSj /kjkry dh feyh&tqyh ok;qeaMyh; ifj?kVuk ekurs gq, bldk v/;;u HkweaMyh; izÑfr ds ifjn`’; esa fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u esa nks fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ekulwu ds O;ogkj dks le>us ds fy, Øe’k% de vkSj vf/kd nksuksa rjg dh o"kkZ okys nks o"kksaZ ¼1982] 1987½] nks o"kksaZ ¼1983] 1988½ esa xzh"edkyhu ekulwu ds nks izeq[k eghuksa tqykbZ vkSj vxLr ds nkSjku 'kwU; va’k m- ls 40 va’k m-@40 va’k iw- ls 100 va’k iw- ds {ks= esa ek/; ekfld /kjkryh; izkpyksa ds forj.k dks fy;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr xzh"edkyhu ekulwu ij {kksHkeaMyh; if’peh gokvksa ds izHkko vkSj if’peh fo{kksHkksa dh xfrfof/k dk ewY;kadu djus ds fy, fuEu {kksHkeaMy dh dfVca/kh; iouksa ds forj.k vFkkZr~] tqykbZ] vxLr ds eghuksa esa 850 gSDVkikLdy vkSj 700 gSDVkikLdy ds Lrjksa tuojh] ebZ] tqykbZ vkSj vxLr ds eghuksa ds fy, 500 gSDVkikLdy ij HkwfLFkfrt Å¡pkb;ksa dk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls izkIr gq, ifj.kkeksa ij fopkj&foe’kZ fd;k x;k gSA Indian summer monsoon is considered as an ocean-land-atmosphere coupled phenomenon and also of global nature. In present study, the distribution of mean monthly surface parameters within 0° N – 40° N / 40° E – 100° E region during the two representative months of summer monsoon, July and August, in both deficient years (1982, 1987) and excess years (1983, 1988) was taken up to understand the behaviour of monsoon during two contrasting situations. Apart from this, the distribution of lower tropospheric zonal winds viz., 850 hPa and 700 hPa levels during July, August months, 500 hPa geopotential heights for the months of January, May, July and August months studied to assess the influence of tropospheric westerlies and activity of Western Disturbances on the summer monsoon. The results discussed.

Articulation of Facade Graphics and Techniques of its Implementation

The article deals with issues at the boundary of architecture and technology, related to visual articulation. The facade graphics is a relatively new phenomenon that has arisen over the last two decades. Some of the image implementation techniques it uses have been known for a long time. Some of them are derived from stained glass (e.g. the technique of manual enamel application), some are related to the already known techniques of workshop graphics (screen printing). One of the latest technological achievements is the development of digital printing technology. Each of the aforementioned techniques has specific artistic possibilities and means of expression, which influences the articulation of the image in the external partition and has a significant impact on a number of compositional aspects. The image placed in the façade supports the building's form, underlining its shape, emphasizing important places in the building. The work examines the relationship between the applied techniques of implementation and the properties of the image on glass. An important part is to determine to what extent the construction of the image and the applied plastic measures affect the visual range of the glass partition and the functional properties. Particularly interesting projects are those made with several techniques, and those in which a new technique was discovered, which is later copied in other projects. The research can make a strong case for using artistic glass in the facade of a building and provide guidance for designers and investors. The publication will present examples of implementations placed in the facade of the building. The phenomenon will be investigated on the basis of buildings constructed over the last two decades. Due to the global nature of plastic phenomena, there is no limited research territory.

Some Means of Processing Electronic Text Documents

Introduction. Digitization of legislation is an important area today, which is identified by the government as a priority. Creating digital legal documents and verifying them for compliance with the law is a necessary task in all areas of jurisprudence. This sets the task of automatic formalizing a legal document created as an arbitrary text in natural language. Purpose. Preparing a document for storage in digital format for further processing may require prior work with an original text. When using automatic means of linguistic analysis of the texts submitted in natural language, in particular, legal, which processes the text in sentences (working up the text sequentially sentence by sentence), problems of local and global nature arise. The problem of local nature is created, in particular, by the presence in the text of the sentences, which due to their considerable length are difficult to process (with the help of one or another tool of text analysis). The problem of a global nature arises when the semantic connection between the components of different sentences should be taken into account during the automatic processing of the text. The purpose of this work is to develop means for overcoming these problems. Results. A model for structuring long sentences containing enumerations as well as a method for eliminating the synonymy of object names referred to in the text, which is intended for automatic analysis, has been developed. Conclusion. Marking up sentences containing enumerations is useful, especially when the text is intended for analysis using a procedure that processes the text sentence by sentence. Structuring a sentence with an enumeration enables, on the one hand, to prepare the sentence for processing in parts, and on the other hand, not to lose the integrity of the sentence when processing in parts. In the method of eliminating the synonymy of names proposed in this paper, both the step of identifying the names of objects and the step of revealing the identity of names requires semantic analysis. To control the correctness of these steps, Oracle was introduced to improve the reliability of the result.

Letter Graphics in the Facade of a Building – Composition and Message

The paper discusses art and communication in architecture. Façade graphics, alongside their compositional and aesthetical qualities, may also contain visual elements that are part of a message. One of the ways of sending such a message is by incorporation of letters. The article looks at preliminary research on the form and content of messages contained within façade graphics. The author analyses the objective of placing letter graphics on a façade, and how they relate to the information and message that are given. An important part of the analysis is the examination of the applied artistic means tied to the meaning, and how they relate to the building’s structure. This phenomenon was examined based on eight buildings constructed over the past two decades. In each of them, graphical techniques of digital and screen printing were used. The majority of them are located in Europe, and due to the global nature of artistic phenomena, there is no limited smaller area of research.

The Era of Digital Transition in the Prism of the Existential Threat of Job Loss: Corporate Social Responsibility

This article explores the question of the rate of digital progress in the context of the labor market. Specific features of the current situation are indicated: temporality of socio-technological transformations, which is becoming less and less compatible with the harmonious development of man and society; the pace at which machines acquire intelligence; total devaluation of mental labor; unresolved issue of the role of man in the world of intelligent machines; the criticality of the problem of the labor market, due to its global nature, social significance and the rate of socio-technological changes. It is emphasized that these circumstances in the short term threaten the sustainable development of the global society, whose reactions to the transformation of technological and socio-economic infrastructure are significantly lagging behind. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen social responsibility, determined by the new ethics of relations between humans and machines with AI, supplemented by the primacy of the dignity of the social role of humans. The authors point out the urgent need to revise ideas about work as the main purpose of a person and about realization in the profession as the main factor that determines the self-esteem of an individual and his social status.