Child Maltreatment and the Child Welfare System as Environmental Factors in the International Classification of Functioning

The WHO defines child maltreatment as any form of neglect, exploitation, and physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, committed against children under the age of 18. Youth involved in the child welfare system report more maltreatment experiences and environmental turbulence (e.g., number of moves, caseworkers), placing them at greater risk for poorer physical and mental health. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) provides a framework to describe health conditions and severity of disabilities for an individual and/or group in the context of environmental factors. The Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) study is a longitudinal study, assessing self-reports on variables (e.g., child maltreatment history, trauma symptoms, dating violence, and substance use) of youth in an urban child protection service system. This study focuses on 11 of the 24 MAP publications that pertain to health and functioning, which can be considered applicable to the ICF framework, following established linking rules. The purpose of this study is to analyze these MAP sub-studies, with maltreatment and involvement in the child welfare system as environmental factors that impact the functioning of child welfare-involved youth. Findings indicate significant relationships across environmental factors (i.e., child maltreatment histories, child welfare system involvement), health conditions (i.e., trauma symptomatology, psychological distress, intellectual disabilities), and functioning problems (i.e., substance use, adolescent dating violence, sexual risk-taking, coping motives, sleep problems). The interrelated nature of these factors in the MAP sub-studies suggests the value of the ICF model to a holistic health view of use to practitioners supporting system-involved youth, clarifying unattended environmental factors in guiding service provision for foster care and/or maltreated youth.

PERILAKU KEKERASAN DALAM BERPACARAN PADA MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Conceptually, violence that occurs in the whole world with a various form is an indication of power-abuse, gender inequality and domination. Dating-Violence is an act of violence that against a partner, whether physical, sexual or psychological, that are committed before marriage. Nowadays, it is a problem that is quite prominent in the world community.The objectives of this research to obtain a more specific pictures of a dating-violence behaviour.The method of this research used a descriptive-method using a qualitative approach. Descriptive research was conducted with the objectives of picturing or describing the object or phenomenon to be studied. The technique of this research was conducted using snowball sampling techniques.The samples in this research were Sekretaris Jenderal Pemerintahan Mahasiswa (PEMA). The student who experienced dating-violence at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of South Sumatera was the main sample of this research and another student, was her close-friend and families of students experiencing dating-violence. The data collection techniques using literature study, observation, and interviews. The data obtained and analysed by the researchers in order to found any new facts with a qualitative approach. The results of this research indicated that dating was no longer a matter of love and affection but rather someone tends to think that dating as a form of ownership not an exploratory process to get to know each other before stepping into a more serious step, namely marriage. Because of the opinion, it made a person committed violence to defend what was his/her own. The dating-violence were caused by several things, for examples: jealousy, infidelity, not obeying their couples’ orders. The were two kinds of violence experienced in dating: verbal violence which is a psychological violence and non-verbal violence which is physical violence.

Dating Violence in Adolescence: Comparison between Scholars and Adolescents in Residential Care

(1) Background: Dating violence (DV) among adolescents constitutes a serious problem, not only because of the magnitude of the phenomenon, but also because of the seriousness of the personal and social consequences derived from it. The objectives of this study were the following: to analyze the prevalence of DV among adolescents in residential care and in schools, according to sex, age and origin, and to analyze the prevalence of the types of violence and victimization, according to the residential care resource and the school. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of adolescents in residential care in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain) (n = 271) and adolescents in schools (n = 268) aged between 12 and 17 years. (3) Results: The results showed a higher prevalence of DV in adolescents in residential care than that found in other studies with a normative sample. (4) Conclusions: These results support the need for work and research with these minors in residential care. It also gives an important weight to sociodemographic variables, such as age and sex, and also to the types of violence and victimization, i.e., variables to be taken into account in the intervention with adolescents. Future educational programs should consider DV prevention and children in residential care.

Association between Dating Violence and Traditional Gender Roles in Mans

INTRODUCTION: The identification of violence inflicted by the intimate partner as a public health problem has shown a social, political and ideological advance. The aim of this paper was to investigate the relation between dating violence and gender roles in a male sample of Pachuca students. Literature has shown a strong relationship between gender roles at dating and violence inflicted by an intimate partner. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to find this association a correlational design was used. The scales used were: The Traditional Dating Roles Scale (alpha 0.96, 71.99% of explained variance) and the Dating Violence Instrument (alpha 0.90, 87% of explained variance) both created for Mexican population. The two scales were applied into a sample of 157 straight male participants (59 high school students and 98 university students). RESULTS: A high and negative association was found between Traditional Dating Roles (person, sexuality, active) and Dating Violence (verbal, blackmail, jealousy, control, social requirements, and humiliation). CONCLUSIONS: The stereotyped gender roles during dating have a positive aspect, for men, during dating relationships.

Pengembangan Modul Komikadp untuk Mengurangi Kekerasan dalam Pacaran pada Siswa SMA

There are many cases of dating violence in the world and in Indonesia due to lack of of awareness and misinterpreting dating violence as a form of love. The aim of this research is to produce the Komikadp module. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) method. The research and development model used is 4D Models which was depeloved by Sivasailam Thiagarajan, Dorothy S Semmel, and Melvyn I Semmel. This Model includes four stages, namely, define; design; develop; and disseminate. However, current research and development, used three phases; define, design, and development held at SMA Muhammadiyah DKI Jakarta. Data collection used a checklist as quantitative data and descriptions as qualitative data on the assessment sheet. The Komikadp module that has gone through the three stages received a decent assessment on the aspects of content feasibility, presentation feasibility, language, comic approach in accordance with the guidance and counseling assessment, and graphics based on expert tests and field tests. Thus, the Komikadp Module is very feasible when used by high school studies.